Observational studyChest2017
Clinical Predictors of Hospital Mortality Differ Between Direct and Indirect ARDS.
Observational study in Chest, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Artificial intelligence for mechanical ventilation: systematic review of design, reporting standards, and bias.British journal of anaesthesia · 2022Pooled it
- The effect of diabetes on the risk and mortality of acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome: A meta-analysis.Medicine · 2019Pooled it
- Convalescent Plasma for Covid-19-Induced ARDS in Mechanically Ventilated Patients.The New England journal of medicine · 2023Trial
- Development and validation of a clinical risk model to predict the hospital mortality in ventilated patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a population-based study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2022Trial
- Incidence and impact of extra-pulmonary organ failures on hospital mortality in acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.Scientific reports · 2020Trial
- Independent predictors of long-term pulmonary function recovery in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a meta-analysis.American journal of translational research · 2026Review
- Body mass index, ventilator parameters, and mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome: re-examining the obesity paradox.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Article
- Interleukin-6-to-lymphocyte count ratio in the prognosis of moderate-to-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome supported by venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a single-center retrospective study.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Article
- Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Pathophysiological Insights, Subphenotypes, and Clinical Implications-A Comprehensive Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Review
- Inflammation and aging-related disease: A transdisciplinary inflammaging framework.GeroScience · 2025Review
- Case report: Causes of acute respiratory distress syndrome complications after lung resection.SAGE open medical case reports · 2025Article
- Optimizing Mechanical Ventilation Strategies in ARDS: The Role of Driving Pressure and Low Tidal Volume Ventilation.Critical care research and practice · 2025Review
- Precision Medicine in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Progress, Challenges, and the Road ahead.Clinics in chest medicine · 2024Review
- Identification of novel sub-phenotypes of severe ARDS requiring ECMO using latent class analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2024Observational
- Association of ratios of visceral fat area/subcutaneous fat area and muscle area/standard body weight at T12 CT level with the prognosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome.Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine · 2024Article
- Driving pressure in mechanical ventilation: A review.World journal of critical care medicine · 2024Review
- Lower body mass index is an independent predictor of mortality in older patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Advances and Applications of Lung Organoids in the Research on Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Translational medicine for acute lung injury.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Review
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDirect (pulmonary) and indirect (extrapulmonary) ARDS are distinct syndromes with important pathophysiologic differences. The goal of this study was to determine whether clinical characteristics and predictors of mortality differ between direct or indirect ARDS.
methodsThis retrospective observational cohort study included 417 patients with ARDS. Each patient was classified as having direct (pneumonia or aspiration, n = 250) or indirect (nonpulmonary sepsis or pancreatitis, n = 167) ARDS.
resultsPatients with direct ARDS had higher lung injury scores (3.0 vs 2.8; P < .001), lower Simplified Acute Physiology Score II scores (51 vs 62; P < .001), lower Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores (27 vs 30; P < .001), and fewer nonpulmonary organ failures (1 vs 2; P < .001) compared with patients with indirect ARDS. Hospital mortality was similar (28% vs 31%). In patients with direct ARDS, age (OR, 1.29 per 10 years; P = .01; test for interaction, P = .03), lung injury scores (OR, 2.29 per point; P = .001; test for interaction, P = .058), and number of nonpulmonary organ failures (OR, 1.67; P = .01) were independent risk factors for increased hospital mortality. Preexisting diabetes mellitus was an independent risk factor for reduced hospital mortality (OR, 0.47; P = .04; test for interaction, P = .02). In indirect ARDS, only the number of organ failures was an independent predictor of mortality (OR, 2.08; P < .001).
conclusionsDespite lower severity of illness and fewer organ failures, patients with direct ARDS had mortality rates similar to patients with indirect ARDS. Factors previously associated with mortality during ARDS were only associated with mortality in direct ARDS. These findings suggest that direct and indirect ARDS have distinct features that may differentially affect risk prediction and clinical outcomes.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.