ArticleDermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.]2016
Development and Validation of a Photonumeric Scale for Evaluation of Static Horizontal Forehead Lines.
Article in Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.], 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effect of Topical Fluorouracil Cream on Photodamage: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA dermatology · 2017Trial
- Noninvasive Assessment Methods for the Therapeutic Effect Following Facial Rejuvenation.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Review
- Development and Validation of Photo-Numerical Scales for Facial Wrinkles on Chinese Population.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Article
- Development and Validation of Photonumeric Scales for Glabellar, Lateral Canthal, and Forehead Lines.Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum · 2025Article
- Article
- Novel Validated Five-point Photonumeric Scales for Assessment of Static and Dynamic Forehead Lines.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2023Article
- Performance of intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) as a reliability index under various distributions in scale reliability studies.Statistics in medicine · 2018Article
- Development and Validation of a Photonumeric Scale for Evaluation of Volume Deficit of the Hand.Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.] · 2016Article
- Development and Validation of a Photonumeric Scale for Evaluation of Infraorbital Hollows.Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.] · 2016Article
- Development and Validation of a Photonumeric Scale for Evaluation of Facial Fine Lines.Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.] · 2016Article
- Development and Validation of a Photonumeric Scale for Evaluation of Transverse Neck Lines.Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.] · 2016Article
- Development and Validation of a Photonumeric Scale for Evaluation of Facial Skin Texture.Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.] · 2016Article
- Development and Validation of a Photonumeric Scale for Assessment of Chin Retrusion.Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.] · 2016Article
- Development and Validation of a Photonumeric Scale for Evaluation of Volume Deficit of the Temple.Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.] · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundA validated scale is needed for objective and reproducible comparisons of static forehead lines before and after treatment in practice and clinical studies.
objectiveTo describe the development and validation of the 5-point photonumeric Allergan Forehead Lines Scale.
methodsThe Allergan Forehead Lines Scale was developed to include an assessment guide, verbal descriptors, morphed images, and real subject images for each scale grade. The clinical significance of a 1-point score difference was evaluated in a review of multiple image pairs representing varying differences in severity. Interrater and intrarater reliability was evaluated in a live-subject validation study (N = 295) completed during 2 sessions occurring 3 weeks apart.
resultsA difference of ≥1 point on the scale was shown to reflect a clinically significant difference (mean [95% confidence interval] absolute score difference, 1.06 [0.91-1.21] for clinically different image pairs and 0.38 [0.26-0.51] for not clinically different pairs). Intrarater agreement between the 2 live-subject validation sessions was almost perfect (mean weighted kappa = 0.87). Interrater agreement was almost perfect during the second rating session (0.86, primary end point).
conclusionThe Allergan Forehead Lines Scale is a validated and reliable scale for physician rating of static horizontal forehead lines.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.