ArticleClinical epidemiology2016
Association between Global Assessment of Functioning scores and indicators of functioning, severity, and prognosis in first-time schizophrenia.
Article in Clinical epidemiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence, Phenotypic Correlates and Predictive Factors of Catatonia in Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR · 2026Article
- Multivariable prediction of functional outcome after first-episode psychosis: a crossover validation approach in EUFEST and PSYSCAN.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- The relationship between visual hallucinations, functioning, and suicidality over the course of illness: a 10-year follow-up study in first-episode psychosis.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Costs of psychotropics for outpatients with bipolar disorder in Japan; the MUSUBI 2016 survey.Annals of medicine · 2023Article
- Correlates of Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Schizophrenia: An Exploratory Study.Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB · 2022Article
- The prevalence of physical multimorbidity among people with non-affective psychotic disorders 10 years after first diagnosis: a matched retrospective cohort study.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2022Article
- Clinical Benefit and Utility of Switching to Aripiprazole Once Monthly in Patients with Antipsychotic Polypharmacy or Long Acting Injectable Antipsychotics for Patients with Schizophrenia in Routine Practice: A Retrospective, Observation Study.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2021Article
- Article
- Online Survey of Clinical Practice in Patients with Schizophrenia Treated with Long-Acting Injectable Aripiprazole or Paliperidone Palmitate.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2021Article
- Progressive Impairment of Mismatch Negativity Is Reflective of Underlying Pathophysiological Changes in Patients With First-Episode Psychosis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Article
- Specificity of executive functioning and processing speed problems in common psychopathology.Neuropsychology · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAssessment of psychosocial functioning in people with schizophrenia is important. The Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF-F) scale represents a widely applied, easy, and quick tool, but its validity and reliability have been debated. The aim was to investigate whether GAF-F scores are associated with other indicators of functioning, severity, and hospitalization.
methodsA Danish population-based cohort study of adults (≥18 years) with a recorded GAF-F score at first-time schizophrenia diagnosis during 2004-2011 was performed. The internal validity of GAF-F was evaluated by assessing its association with other baseline measures of functioning and illness severity. Risk of schizophrenia hospitalization within 2 years was evaluated using Cox regression stratified by sex and adjusted for age, year of diagnosis, and inpatient/outpatient status at diagnosis.
resultsWe identified 2,837 cases of schizophrenia with a GAF-F score at first-time diagnosis (73.0% inpatients; 62.6% males). GAF-F was associated with several baseline measures of functioning and illness severity, such as female sex, being in work, and a longer baseline hospitalization. Lower GAF-F scores were associated with higher hospitalization risk among males (reference GAF-F 61-100): GAF-F 51-60: hazard rate ratio (HRR) =1.24 (95% confidence interval [CI] =0.89-1.75); GAF-F 41-50: HRR =1.31 (95% CI =0.97-1.77); GAF-F 31-40: HRR =1.36 (95% CI =1.01-1.82); GAF-F 21-30: HRR =1.50 (95% CI =1.09-2.06); and GAF-F 1-20: HRR =2.30 (95% CI =1.36-3.90), fitting a dose-response relationship (P=0.031). This association was not found in females.
conclusionGAF-F at first-time schizophrenia diagnosis showed good internal validity against other measures of functionality in a Danish hospital setting. Severe impairment (as measured by the GAF-F score) at first-time schizophrenia diagnosis was associated with a higher risk of 2-year hospitalization among males, which may indicate sex differences in the course of disease and treatment response.
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