ArticleDrug design, development and therapy
Preparation of novel pirfenidone microspheres for lung-targeted delivery: in vitro and in vivo study.
Article in Drug design, development and therapy. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Citrus pectin-coated inhalable PLGA nanoparticles for treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.Journal of materials chemistry. B · 2025Article
- CXCR4-targeted liposomal mediated co-delivery of pirfenidone and AMD3100 for the treatment of TGFβ-induced HSC-T6 cells activation.International journal of nanomedicine · 2019Article
- Lung-targeting drug delivery system of baicalin-loaded nanoliposomes: development, biodistribution in rabbits, and pharmacodynamics in nude mice bearing orthotopic human lung cancer.International journal of nanomedicine · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2022-11-18Duplication of/in Image · Paper Mill ·
- Retracted
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop and characterize pirfenidone (PF)-loaded chitosan microspheres for lung targeting. The microspheres were prepared using the emulsion-solvent evaporation method and characterized by assessing morphology, particle size, and zeta potential. The microspheres had a spherical nature with highly smooth and integrated surfaces. The particle size of microspheres was 4.6±0.3 µm, and the zeta potential was 20.3±1.4 mV. The in vitro release results indicated that the obtained formulation of PF could reach the state of sustained release with a biphasic drug release pattern. It was observed that there was no significant difference in both the percentage of entrapment efficiency and that of drug release before and after the stability study. In vivo, the calculated relative bioavailability indicated greater pulmonary absorption of PF when it was encapsulated in microspheres. According to histopathological studies, no histological change occurred to the rat lung after the administration of PF-loaded chitosan microspheres.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.