ArticleBMC medicine2016
The effect of declining exposure on T cell-mediated immunity to Plasmodium falciparum - an epidemiological "natural experiment".
Article in BMC medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Baseline Treg frequency, Treg-associated immune checkpoint responses, and plasma IL-10 responses during controlled human malaria infection in semi-immune Kenyan adults: a secondary analysis of the CHMI-SIKA Study.The Lancet. Microbe · 2026Article
- A functional crosstalk between circulating follicular helper 2 T cells and memory B cells drives anti-Plasmodium vivax antibodies.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Immune gene expression changes more during a malaria transmission season than between consecutive seasons.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Cytokine response in asymptomatic and symptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infections in children in a rural area of south-eastern Gabon.PloS one · 2023Article
- Clinical Progression ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Immunosuppression in Malaria: DoPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Expansion of Functional Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Controlled Human Malaria Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Article
- The Impact of Malaria Parasites on Dendritic Cell-T Cell Interaction.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Comparison of whole blood and spleen transcriptional signatures over the course of an experimental malaria infection.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Effect of Previous Exposure to Malaria on Blood Pressure in Kilifi, Kenya: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2019Article
- Repeated clinical malaria episodes are associated with modification of the immune system in children.BMC medicine · 2019Article
- UnderstandingFrontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Review
- Longitudinal study of changes in γδ T cells and CD4Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Chronic Plasmodium chabaudi Infection Generates CD4 Memory T Cells with Increased T Cell Receptor Sensitivity but Poor Secondary Expansion and Increased Apoptosis.Infection and immunity · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNaturally acquired immunity to malaria may be lost with lack of exposure. Recent heterogeneous reductions in transmission in parts of Africa mean that large populations of previously protected people may lose their immunity while remaining at risk of infection.
methodsUsing two ethnically similar long-term cohorts of children with historically similar levels of exposure to Plasmodium falciparum who now experience very different levels of exposure, we assessed the effect of decreased parasite exposure on antimalarial immunity. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from children in each cohort were stimulated with P. falciparum and their P. falciparum-specific proliferative and cytokine responses were compared.
resultsWe demonstrate that, while P. falciparum-specific CD4
conclusionConsidered in the context of existing knowledge, these data suggest a model explaining how immunity is lost in absence of continuing exposure to P. falciparum.
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Registered trials
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