ArticleInternational journal of legal medicine2017
Systematic procedure for identifying the five main ossification stages of the medial clavicular epiphysis using computed tomography: a practical proposal for forensic age diagnostics.
Article in International journal of legal medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Forensic age estimation using computed tomography of the medial clavicular epiphysis: a systematic review.International journal of legal medicine · 2018Pooled it
- Development of an open-source 3D imaging method for forensic age estimation based on medial clavicular ossification: assessing area and volume ratios of epiphyses and metaphyses.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Article
- Forensic age estimation of adolescents using computed tomography of the clavicles.International journal of legal medicine · 2024Article
- Accelerating computer vision-based human identification through the integration of deep learning-based age estimation from 2 to 89 years.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Comparing a common clavicle maturation-based age estimation method to ordinary regression analyses with quadratic and sex-specific interaction terms in adolescents.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Age estimation by evaluating median palatine suture closure using postmortem CT.International journal of legal medicine · 2023Article
- The distal femoral epiphysis in forensic age diagnostics: studies on the evaluation of the ossification process by means of T1- and PD/T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging.International journal of legal medicine · 2023Article
- Contribution of the use of clavicle bone density in age estimation.International journal of legal medicine · 2022Article
- Magnetic resonance imaging of the proximal tibial epiphysis is suitable for statements as to the question of majority: a validation study in forensic age diagnostics.International journal of legal medicine · 2022Article
- CT of the medial clavicular epiphysis for forensic age estimation: hands up?International journal of legal medicine · 2021Article
- Comparison of different iterative CT reconstruction techniques and filtered back projection for assessment of the medial clavicular epiphysis in forensic age estimation.International journal of legal medicine · 2020Article
- Anatomic shape variants of extremitas sternalis claviculae as collected from sternoclavicular thin-slice CT-studies of 2820 male borderline-adults.International journal of legal medicine · 2019Article
- Intraindividual incongruences of medially ossifying clavicles in borderline adults as seen from thin-slice CT studies of 2595 male persons.International journal of legal medicine · 2018Article
- Magnetic resonance imaging-based evaluation of ossification of the medial clavicular epiphysis in forensic age assessment.International journal of legal medicine · 2017Article
- Comparison of imaging planes during CT-based evaluation of clavicular ossification: a multi-center study.International journal of legal medicine · 2017Article
- Evaluation of the ossification of the medial clavicle according to the Kellinghaus substage system in identifying the 18-year-old age limit in the estimation of forensic age-is it necessary?International journal of legal medicine · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In forensic age estimations of living individuals, computed tomography of the clavicle is widely used for determining the age of majority. To this end, the degree of ossification of the medial clavicular epiphysis can be determined by means of two classification systems complementing each other: a 5-stage system and an additional 6-stage system that further sub-classifies the stages 2 and 3. In recent years, practical experience and new data revealed that difficulties and even wrong stage determinations may occur especially when following the short descriptions of the fundamental 5-stage system only. Based on current literature, this article provides a systematic procedure for identifying the five main ossification stages by listing important preconditions and presenting an algorithm that is comprised of four specific questions. Each question is accompanied by comprehensive and detailed descriptions which specify the criteria used for differentiation. The information is subdivided into "single-slice view" and "multi-slice view." In addition, illustrative case examples and schematic drawings facilitate application of the procedure in forensic practice. The pitfalls associated with the criteria of stage determination will be discussed in detail. Eventually, two general rules will be inferred to assign correct ossification stages of the medial clavicular epiphysis by means of computed tomography.
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