ArticleExperimental neurology2016
Striatal cholinergic interneurons and D2 receptor-expressing GABAergic medium spiny neurons regulate tardive dyskinesia.
Article in Experimental neurology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03495024 (Effect of Varenicline on Smoking Cessation in Patients With Schizophrenia), which is not on this map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Varenicline on Smoking Cessation in Patients With Schizophrenia: Evaluation of Antipsychotic Drug-Induced Neurological Symptoms as Correlates of Response
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- The mechanism underlying tardive dyskinesia: an exploratory test of the dopamine overactivity hypothesis using MRI imaging of midbrain neuromelanin.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Haloperidol - norepinephrine synergy in stimulation of vacuous chewing movements in rats: Enhancement by nicotine.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Neuromodulation therapies in the management of tardive dyskinesia: A scoping review.Indian journal of psychiatry · 2026Review
- CHRM2 and GRIN2A polymorphisms in tardive dyskinesia and cognitive impairments in Chinese Han schizophrenia.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Article
- Enhancement of adenosine AFrontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Striatal TRPV1 activation by acetaminophen ameliorates dopamine D2 receptor antagonist-induced orofacial dyskinesia.JCI insight · 2021Article
- Article
- Receptor Ligands as Helping Hands to L-DOPA in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease.Biomolecules · 2019Review
- Coordination of rapid cholinergic and dopaminergic signaling in striatum during spontaneous movement.eLife · 2019Article
- Potential Therapeutic Application for Nicotinic Receptor Drugs in Movement Disorders.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Review
- New Insights Into Cholinergic Neuron Diversity.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2019Review
- VMAT2 Inhibitors in Neuropsychiatric Disorders.CNS drugs · 2018Review
- Article
- Investigation of theFrontiers in pharmacology · 2018Article
- Nicotinic Receptor Intervention in Parkinson's Disease: Future Directions.Clinical pharmacology and translational medicine · 2017Article
- Botulinum Neurotoxin A Injected Ipsilaterally or Contralaterally into the Striatum in the Rat 6-OHDA Model of Unilateral Parkinson's Disease Differently Affects Behavior.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a drug-induced movement disorder that arises with antipsychotics. These drugs are the mainstay of treatment for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and are also prescribed for major depression, autism, attention deficit hyperactivity, obsessive compulsive and post-traumatic stress disorder. There is thus a need for therapies to reduce TD. The present studies and our previous work show that nicotine administration decreases haloperidol-induced vacuous chewing movements (VCMs) in rodent TD models, suggesting a role for the nicotinic cholinergic system. Extensive studies also show that D2 dopamine receptors are critical to TD. However, the precise involvement of striatal cholinergic interneurons and D2 medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in TD is uncertain. To elucidate their role, we used optogenetics with a focus on the striatum because of its close links to TD. Optical stimulation of striatal cholinergic interneurons using cholineacetyltransferase (ChAT)-Cre mice expressing channelrhodopsin2-eYFP decreased haloperidol-induced VCMs (~50%), with no effect in control-eYFP mice. Activation of striatal D2 MSNs using Adora2a-Cre mice expressing channelrhodopsin2-eYFP also diminished antipsychotic-induced VCMs, with no change in control-eYFP mice. In both ChAT-Cre and Adora2a-Cre mice, stimulation or mecamylamine alone similarly decreased VCMs with no further decline with combined treatment, suggesting nAChRs are involved. Striatal D2 MSN activation in haloperidol-treated Adora2a-Cre mice increased c-Fos
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.