ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2016
In vitro evaluation of physiologically relevant concentrations of teriflunomide on activation and proliferation of primary rodent microglia.
Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Structural Basis for Potent Inhibition of Human DHODH by Quinoline-4-carboxylic Acid Derivatives.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Teriflunomide Attenuates Demyelination and Enhances Remyelination in Organotypic Brain Slice Cultures Through Modulation of Glial Cell Dynamics.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Antidepressant effect of teriflunomide via oligodendrocyte protection in a mouse model.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Polysialic acid promotes remyelination in cerebellar slice cultures by Siglec-E-dependent modulation of microglia polarization.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2023Article
- Therapeutic response to leflunomide in combo therapy and monotherapy is associated to serum teriflunomide (A77 1726) levels.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Drugs Used in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Critical Viewpoint.Current neuropharmacology · 2022Article
- Review
- Teriflunomide Promotes Oligodendroglial 8,9-Unsaturated Sterol Accumulation and CNS Remyelination.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2021Article
- Teriflunomide provides protective properties after oxygen-glucose-deprivation in hippocampal and cerebellar slice cultures.Neural regeneration research · 2021Article
- Multiple sclerosis is linked to MAPKJournal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2021Review
- DHODH and cancer: promising prospects to be explored.Cancer & metabolism · 2021Review
- Teriflunomide treatment is associated with optic nerve recovery in early multiple sclerosis.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2021Article
- The Role of Distinct Subsets of Macrophages in the Pathogenesis of MS and the Impact of Different Therapeutic Agents on These Populations.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Characterizing lymphocyte counts and infection rates with long-term teriflunomide treatment: Pooled analysis of clinical trials.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2020Article
- Molecular Effects of FDA-Approved Multiple Sclerosis Drugs on Glial Cells and Neurons of the Central Nervous System.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Functional relevance of the multi-drug transporter abcg2 on teriflunomide therapy in an animal model of multiple sclerosis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2020Article
- Microglia in Multiple Sclerosis: Friend or Foe?Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Teriflunomide Does Not Change Dynamics of Nadph Oxidase Activation and Neuronal Dysfunction During Neuroinflammation.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2020Article
- When encephalitogenic T cells collaborate with microglia in multiple sclerosis.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2019Review
- Investigation of Neuregulin-1 and Glial Cell-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Rodent Astrocytes and Microglia.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTeriflunomide, an inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, is thought to ameliorate multiple sclerosis by reducing activation-induced proliferation of lymphocytes, which is highly dependent on de novo pyrimidine synthesis. Nevertheless, its immunomodulatory effects on resident glial cells in the central nervous system are only poorly understood.
methodsIn this study, we employed physiologically relevant concentrations of teriflunomide and investigated its effects on survival, proliferation, activation, and function of primary rat microglia in vitro.
resultsWe demonstrate that teriflunomide had no cytotoxic effect on microglia and had only a minor impact on microglial activation. In a concentration- and time-dependent manner, teriflunomide significantly downregulated surface expression of the co-stimulatory molecule CD86. Furthermore, in the highest concentration applied (5 μM), it slightly increased the expression of interleukin-10 in microglia in response to lipopolysaccharide. Treatment with low concentrations of teriflunomide (0.25-1 μM) did not have any impact on the activation or proliferation of microglia. At 5 μM concentration of teriflunomide, we observed a reduction of approximately 30 % in proliferation of microglia in mixed glial cell cultures.
conclusionsTaken together, our in vitro findings suggest that at higher concentrations, teriflunomide potentially exerts its effects by reducing microglial proliferation and not by modulating the M1-/M2-like cell differentiation of primary rat microglia. Thus, teriflunomide has no major impact on the plasticity of microglia; however, the anti-proliferative and minimal anti-inflammatory effects might be clinically relevant for immune modulation in the treatment of neuroinflammatory CNS diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.