ArticlePloS one
Difference in Leukocyte Composition between Women before and after Menopausal Age, and Distinct Sexual Dimorphism.
Article in PloS one. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Immunopathological Changes in SARS-CoV-2 Critical and Non-critical Pneumonia Patients: A Systematic Review to Determine the Cause of Co-infection.Frontiers in public health · 2020Pooled it
- Effect of Acute and Chronic Aerobic Exercise on Immunological Markers: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in physiology · 2019Pooled it
- The effect of gender on clinical characteristics and diagnostic process of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Article
- Defining Reference Intervals for Complete Blood Count and Micronutrient Parameters in Urban Bangladeshi Population.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- The impact of sex on the immune system explored at the single-cell level.American journal of human genetics · 2026Article
- Intersecting Roles of Estrogens and Neutrophils in Modulating Innate Immunity in Cancer.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Fluid shifts are main drivers for microgravity simulation-induced immune-physiological changes: findings from the VIVALDI studies.NPJ microgravity · 2026Article
- Knowledge gaps and research priorities to understand sex differences in immunity.PLoS biology · 2026Review
- Association of Menopause and Hormonal Contraceptive Use With Chronic Rhinosinusitis: An "All of Us" Analysis.Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Article
- Grand challenges in sex differences in immunology: problems the field must solve before biological sex can guide clinical practice.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a sex-specific predictor of short-term mortality in hospitalised older adults with COVID-19: a pragmatic biomarker of inflammaging in acute vulnerability.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2025Article
- The acute exercise response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and their bioenergetic function in women with high and low systemic estradiol levels.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- Hematological reference intervals for adult population of Debre Berhan town, North East Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Possible Significance of Neutrophil-Hemoglobin Ratio in Differentiating Progressive Supranuclear Palsy from Depression: A Pilot Study.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Impact of Menopause on Autoimmune and Rheumatic Diseases.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Sex differences of neutrophil to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio in predicting the severity of coronary lesions in acute coronary syndrome patients.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Article
- Decoding sex differences in human immunity through systems immunology.Oxford open immunology · 2025Review
- White blood cells, monocytes and thrombin time in predicting symptomatic hydrocephalus in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.Frontiers in surgery · 2025Article
- Sex-Specific Associations between Thyroid Status, Inflammation and Hemostasis Biomarkers in Patients with Subacute Thyroiditis.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Gender differences in clinical and biochemical parameters among patients hospitalized for schizophrenia: towards precision medicine.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2024Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There are sex differences in many inflammatory and immune diseases, and the differences tend to diminish after menopause. The underlying reasons are unclear, but sex hormone levels are likely to be an important factor. Blood leukocyte count and composition provide an indicator of the inflammatory and immune status of an individual. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of blood leukocyte data from 46,879 individuals (26,212 men and 20,667 women, aged 18 to 93 years) who underwent a routine health checkup. In women aged around 50 years, neutrophil percentage (NE%) dropped whilst lymphocyte percentage (LY%) rose. Accordingly, women before age 50 had significantly higher NE%, lower LY%, and higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) than women of 51-70 years of age (p = 1.35×10-82, p = 5.32×10-100, and p = 1.25×10-26, respectively). In age groups of <50 years, women had higher NE%, lower LY% and higher NLR than men (p = 1.82×10-206, p = 1.46×10-69, and p = 2.30×10-118, respectively), whereas in age groups of >51 years, it was the reverse (p = 1.92×10-15, p = 1.43×10-84, and p = 1.51×10-48, respectively). These results show that blood leukocyte composition differs between women before and after menopausal age, with distinct sexual dimorphism.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.