ReviewAmerican journal of rhinology & allergy2016
New insights into upper airway innate immunity.
Review in American journal of rhinology & allergy, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- Muc16 contributes to protection against invasive pneumococcal infection originating from nasal colonization.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Th2 cytokine-induced mucociliary remodeling in chronic rhinosinusitis: implications for antiviral defense and epithelial function.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- Anaerobic microbiota promote pathogen association with the airway epithelium.Journal of medical microbiology · 2026Article
- Human alphacoronavirus replication and innate immune induction in airway culture systems.mBio · 2026Article
- Adrenergic receptors: a key determinant of outcomes in bacterial pneumonia and bacterial sepsis-associated acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome through participation in pulmonary innate immune response.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Nasal Wash in Patients with Upper Respiratory Tract Diseases.International archives of otorhinolaryngology · 2025Article
- E-Cigarette Use, Cigarette Smoking, and Sex Are Associated With Nasal Microbiome Dysbiosis.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- Enhanced Systemic and Mucosal Immune Responses toVaccines · 2024Article
- Hypoxia-induced cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator dysfunction is a universal mechanism underlying reduced mucociliary transport in sinusitis.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2024Article
- Increased antibiotic resistance ofLaryngoscope investigative otolaryngology · 2024Article
- Infection of Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells Grown at an Air-Liquid Interface to Characterize Human Coronavirus-Host Interactions.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2023Article
- A machine learning classifier using 33 host immune response mRNAs accurately distinguishes viral and non-viral acute respiratory illnesses in nasal swab samples.Genome medicine · 2023Article
- Interkingdom Detection of Bacterial Quorum-Sensing Molecules by Mammalian Taste Receptors.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Infection of primary nasal epithelial cells differentiates among lethal and seasonal human coronaviruses.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Loss of CFTR function is associated with reduced bitter taste receptor-stimulated nitric oxide innate immune responses in nasal epithelial cells and macrophages.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- The effect of Ramadan fasting on nasal mucociliary activity and peak nasal inspiratory flow.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2022Article
- Infection of primary nasal epithelial cells differentiates among lethal and seasonal human coronaviruses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2022Article
- P. aeruginosa type III and type VI secretion systems modulate early response gene expression in type II pneumocytes in vitro.BMC genomics · 2022Article
- Cilia Stimulatory and Antibacterial Activities of T2R Bitter Taste Receptor Agonist Diphenhydramine: Insights into Repurposing Bitter Drugs for Nasal Infections.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundProtecting the upper airway from microbial infection is an important function of the immune system. Proper detection of these pathogens is paramount for sinonasal epithelial cells to be able to prepare a defensive response. Toll-like receptors and, more recently, bitter taste receptors and sweet taste receptors have been implicated as sensors able to detect the presence of these pathogens and certain compounds that they secrete. Activation of these receptors also triggers innate immune responses to prevent or counteract infection, including mucociliary clearance and the production and secretion of antimicrobial compounds (e.g., defensins).
objectiveTo provide an overview of the current knowledge of the role of innate immunity in the upper airway, the mechanisms by which it is carried out, and its clinical relevance.
methodsA literature review of the existing knowledge of the role of innate immunity in the human sinonasal cavity was performed.
resultsClinical and basic science studies have shown that the physical epithelial cell barrier, mucociliary clearance, and antimicrobial compound secretion play pivotal innate immune roles in defending the sinonasal cavity from infection. Clinical findings have also linked dysfunction of these defense mechanisms with diseases, such as chronic rhinosinusitis and cystic fibrosis. Recent discoveries have elucidated the significance of bitter and sweet taste receptors in modulating immune responses in the upper airway.
conclusionNumerous innate immune mechanisms seem to work in a concerted fashion to keep the sinonasal cavity free of infection. Understanding sinonasal innate immune function and dysfunction in health and disease has important implications for patients with respiratory ailments, such as chronic rhinosinusitis and cystic fibrosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.