ArticleJournal of ophthalmology2016
Effect of Hydroxychloroquine on the Retinal Layers: A Quantitative Evaluation with Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography.
Article in Journal of ophthalmology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Progression of hydroxychloroquine-induced retinopathy after drug cessation.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Observational
- Optical coherence tomography angiography parameters in patients on hydroxychloroquine therapy.International ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Application of SS-OCTA to evaluate the effects of long-term hydroxychloroquine treatment on retinal structure and microcirculation in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Quantitative Fundus Autofluorescence in Systemic Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine Therapy: One Year Follow-Up.Translational vision science & technology · 2023Article
- Review of Retinal Imaging Modalities for Hydroxychloroquine Retinopathy.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Knowledge of Saudi Patients with Autoimmune Diseases about Hydroxychloroquine Toxicity: The Role of Physician-Patient Communication.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Impact of Structural Changes on Multifocal Electroretinography in Patients With Use of Hydroxychloroquine.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2021Article
- Spectral domain optical coherence tomography-based prevalence of hydroxychloroquine maculopathy in Indian patients on hydroxychloroquine therapy: A utopia of underdiagnosis.Medical journal, Armed Forces India · 2020Article
- Evaluation of photoreceptor outer segment length in hydroxychloroquine users.Eye (London, England) · 2019Article
- Observational
- Expanding horizons for clinical applications of chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and related structural analogues.Drugs in context · 2019Review
- Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thicknesses Did Not Change in Long-term Hydroxychloroquine Users.Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO · 2018Article
- Macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness for detection of early retinal toxicity of hydroxychloroquine.International ophthalmology · 2018Article
- Decreased perifoveal ganglion cell complex thickness - a first sign for macular damage in patients using hydroxychloroquine.Romanian journal of ophthalmologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose. To evaluate the effect of hydroxychloroquine on retinal pigment epithelium- (RPE-) Bruch's membrane complex, photoreceptor outer segment, and macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thicknesses using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods. In this prospective case-control study, 51 eyes of 51 hydroxychloroquine patients and 30 eyes of 30 healthy subjects were included. High-quality images were obtained using a Cirrus HD-OCT with 5-line raster mode; the photoreceptor inner segment (IS) and outer segment (OS), sum of the segments (IS + OS), and RPE-Bruch's membrane complex were analyzed. Results. The thicknesses of the IS + OS and OS layers were significantly lower in the hydroxychloroquine subjects compared to the control subjects (P < 0.05). RPE-Bruch's membrane complex thicknesses were significantly higher in the hydroxychloroquine subjects than for those of the control subjects (P < 0.05). The minimum and temporal-inferior macular GCIPL thicknesses were significantly different between the patients with hydroxychloroquine use and the control subjects (P = 0.04 and P = 0.03, resp.). Conclusions. The foveal photoreceptor OS thinning, loss of GCIPL, and RPE-Bruch's membrane thickening were detected in patients with hydroxychloroquine therapy. This quantitative approach using SD-OCT images may have important implications to use as an early indicator of retinal toxicity without any visible signs of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.