Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27655981›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume2016

Cellular and Morphological Alterations in the Vastus Lateralis Muscle as the Result of ACL Injury and Reconstruction.

Brian Noehren, Anders Andersen, Peter Hardy, Darren L Johnson, Mary Lloyd Ireland, Katherine L Thompson, Bruce Damon

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
70citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
7.5field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

70 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 120 citations in OpenAlex.

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  14. Muscle atrophy after ACL reconstruction involves molecular mechanisms beyond unloading.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2026
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10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Brian NoehrenDepartments of Rehabilitation Sciences (B.N.), Anatomy and Neurobiology (A.A. and P.H.), Radiology (P.H.), Orthopaedic Surgery (A.A. and P.H.), Sports Medicine (D.L.J. and M.L.I.), and Statistics (K.L.T.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky b.noehren@uky.edu.
Anders AndersenDepartments of Rehabilitation Sciences (B.N.), Anatomy and Neurobiology (A.A. and P.H.), Radiology (P.H.), Orthopaedic Surgery (A.A. and P.H.), Sports Medicine (D.L.J. and M.L.I.), and Statistics (K.L.T.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.
Peter HardyDepartments of Rehabilitation Sciences (B.N.), Anatomy and Neurobiology (A.A. and P.H.), Radiology (P.H.), Orthopaedic Surgery (A.A. and P.H.), Sports Medicine (D.L.J. and M.L.I.), and Statistics (K.L.T.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.
Darren L JohnsonDepartments of Rehabilitation Sciences (B.N.), Anatomy and Neurobiology (A.A. and P.H.), Radiology (P.H.), Orthopaedic Surgery (A.A. and P.H.), Sports Medicine (D.L.J. and M.L.I.), and Statistics (K.L.T.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.
Mary Lloyd IrelandDepartments of Rehabilitation Sciences (B.N.), Anatomy and Neurobiology (A.A. and P.H.), Radiology (P.H.), Orthopaedic Surgery (A.A. and P.H.), Sports Medicine (D.L.J. and M.L.I.), and Statistics (K.L.T.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.
Katherine L ThompsonDepartments of Rehabilitation Sciences (B.N.), Anatomy and Neurobiology (A.A. and P.H.), Radiology (P.H.), Orthopaedic Surgery (A.A. and P.H.), Sports Medicine (D.L.J. and M.L.I.), and Statistics (K.L.T.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.
Bruce DamonInstitute of Imaging Science and Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
University of Kentucky · USVanderbilt University · US

Funding

Biophysical Basis of Muscle Functional MRIR01AR050101 · NIAMS · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI DAMON, BRUCE M. · 2005 to 2014
$3.1M
Prolonged alterations to muscle following knee surgery and physical therapyK23AR062069 · NIAMS · UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY · PI NOEHREN, BRIAN · 2013 to 2017
$619k
NIAMS NIH HHS K23 AR062069NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR050101
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIndividuals who have had an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear and reconstruction continue to experience substantial knee extensor strength loss despite months of physical therapy. Identification of the alterations in muscle morphology and cellular composition are needed to understand potential mechanisms of muscle strength loss, initially as the result of the injury and subsequently from surgery and rehabilitation.

methodsWe performed diffusion tensor imaging-magnetic resonance imaging and analyzed muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis of both the affected and unaffected limbs before surgery and again from the reconstructed limb following the completion of rehabilitation. Immunohistochemistry was done to determine fiber type and size, Pax-7-positive (satellite) cells, and extracellular matrix (via wheat germ agglutinin straining). Using the diffusion tensor imaging data, the fiber tract length, pennation angle, and muscle volume were determined, yielding the physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA). Paired t tests were used to compare the effects of the injury between injured and uninjured limbs and the effects of surgery and rehabilitation within the injured limb.

resultsWe found significant reductions before surgery in type-IIA muscle cross-sectional area (CSA; p = 0.03), extracellular matrix (p < 0.01), satellite cells per fiber (p < 0.01), pennation angle (p = 0.03), muscle volume (p = 0.02), and PCSA (p = 0.03) in the injured limb compared with the uninjured limb. Following surgery, these alterations in the injured limb persisted and the frequency of the IIA fiber type decreased significantly (p < 0.01) and that of the IIA/X hybrid fiber type increased significantly (p < 0.01).

conclusionsSignificant and prolonged differences in muscle quality and morphology occurred after ACL injury and persisted despite reconstruction and extensive physical therapy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These results suggest the need to develop more effective early interventions following an ACL tear to prevent deleterious alterations within the quadriceps.

Indexed as

Physical Therapy ModalitiesAdolescentAdultAnterior Cruciate Ligament InjuriesAnterior Cruciate Ligament ReconstructionDiffusion Tensor ImagingFemaleHumansMaleMuscle StrengthQuadriceps MuscleRange of Motion, ArticularYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID27655981
PMCPMC5026157
OpenAlexW2417659921

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.