Trial reportResuscitation2016
Pre-hospital Assessment of the Role of Adrenaline: Measuring the Effectiveness of Drug administration In Cardiac arrest (PARAMEDIC-2): Trial protocol.
Trial report in Resuscitation, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adrenaline and vasopressin for cardiac arrest.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Epinephrine in Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest: Helpful or Harmful?Chinese medical journal · 2017Pooled it
- Supraglottic airway device versus tracheal intubation in the initial airway management of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: the AIRWAYS-2 cluster RCT.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2022Trial
- Adrenaline to improve survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: the PARAMEDIC2 RCT.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2021Trial
- Patient safety incidents and medication errors during a clinical trial: experience from a pre-hospital randomized controlled trial of emergency medication administration.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2020Trial
- Intraosseous versus intravenous administration of adrenaline in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a secondary analysis of the PARAMEDIC2 placebo-controlled trial.Intensive care medicine · 2020Trial
- The influence of time to adrenaline administration in the Paramedic 2 randomised controlled trial.Intensive care medicine · 2020Trial
- Bayesian group sequential designs for phase III emergency medicine trials: a case study using the PARAMEDIC2 trial.Trials · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Adrenaline for traumatic cardiac arrest: A post hoc analysis of the PARAMEDIC2 trial.Resuscitation plus · 2025Article
- Intraosseous and Intravenous Epinephrine Administration Routes in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Survival and Neurologic Outcomes.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- Facilitators and barriers to the delivery of the PARAMEDIC2 trial.Resuscitation plus · 2024Article
- Determining the top research priorities in UK prehospital critical care: a modified Delphi study.Emergency medicine journal : EMJ · 2023Article
- Recent innovations in adaptive trial designs: A review of design opportunities in translational research.Journal of clinical and translational science · 2023Review
- Research progress of pre-hospital emergency during 2000-2020: a bibliometric analysis.American journal of translational research · 2021Article
- Cost-effectiveness of adrenaline for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.Critical care (London, England) · 2020Article
- Optimising ambulance service contribution to clinical trials: a phenomenological exploration using focus groups.British paramedic journal · 2019Article
- How to maintain the maximal level of blinding in randomisation for a placebo-controlled drug trial.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2019Article
- Rapid Analgesia for Prehospital hip Disruption (RAPID): findings from a randomised feasibility study.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2019Article
- On-the-Scene Hyaluronan and Syndecan-1 Serum Concentrations and Outcome after Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation.Mediators of inflammation · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
26 authors at 12 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Despite its use since the 1960s, the safety or effectiveness of adrenaline as a treatment for cardiac arrest has never been comprehensively evaluated in a clinical trial. Although most studies have found that adrenaline increases the chance of return of spontaneous circulation for short periods, many studies found harmful effects on the brain and raise concern that adrenaline may reduce overall survival and/or good neurological outcome. The PARAMEDIC-2 trial seeks to determine if adrenaline is safe and effective in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. This is a pragmatic, individually randomised, double blind, controlled trial with a parallel economic evaluation. Participants will be eligible if they are in cardiac arrest in the out-of-hospital environment and advanced life support is initiated. Exclusions are cardiac arrest as a result of anaphylaxis or life threatening asthma, and patient known or appearing to be under 16 or pregnant. 8000 participants treated by 5 UK ambulance services will be randomised between December 2014 and August 2017 to adrenaline (intervention) or placebo (control) through opening pre-randomised drug packs. Clinical outcomes are survival to 30 days (primary outcome), hospital discharge, 3, 6 and 12 months, health related quality of life, and neurological and cognitive outcomes (secondary outcomes). Trial registration (ISRCTN73485024).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.