ArticleBMJ open2016
Association of tobacco use and other determinants with pregnancy outcomes: a multicentre hospital-based case-control study in Karachi, Pakistan.
Article in BMJ open, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Consequences of Prenatal Tobacco Exposure: A Systematic Review of Birth Outcomes and Developmental Trajectories.Cureus · 2026Review
- Predictors of pregnancy loss among urban and rural women aged 15 to 49 years in Pakistan.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Determinants of Adverse Birth Outcomes in Public Hospitals of the Somali Region, Eastern Ethiopia: A Multicenter Unmatched Case-Control Study.Clinical medicine insights. Pediatrics · 2023Article
- A Comprehensive Review on Social Inequalities and Pregnancy Outcome-Identification of Relevant Pathways and Mechanisms.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Magnitude of low birthweight in malaria endemic settings of Nanoro, rural Burkina Faso: a secondary data analysis.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Tobacco Use Among Reproductive Age Women in Ethiopia: Evidence from the National Health Survey.Substance abuse and rehabilitation · 2021Article
- Khat chewing in pregnant women associated with prelabor rupture of membranes, evidence from eastern Ethiopia.The Pan African medical journal · 2020Article
- Determinants of low birth weight among live birth newborns delivered at public hospitals in Gamo Gofa Zone, South Ethiopia: Unmatched case control study.SAGE open medicine · 2020Article
- Effects of sanitation practices on adverse pregnancy outcomes in India: a conducive finding from recent Indian demographic health survey.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2019Article
- Determinants of Low Birth Weight Among Newborns at Debre Tabor Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.SAGE open nursingArticle
- Trend, Pattern, and Prevalence of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes among Women of Reproductive Age in India, 1992-2021.Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social MedicineArticle
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe study aimed to identify the effects of maternal tobacco consumption during pregnancy and other factors on birth outcomes and obstetric complications in Karachi, Pakistan.
designA multicentre hospital-based case-control study.
settingFour leading maternity hospitals of Karachi.
participantsA random sample of 1275 women coming to the gynaecology and obstetric department of selected hospitals for delivery was interviewed within 48 hours of delivery from wards. Cases were women with adverse birth outcomes and obstetric complications, while controls were women who had normal uncomplicated delivery. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Adverse birth outcomes (preterm delivery, low birth weight, stillbirth, low Apgar score) and obstetric complications (antepartum haemorrhage, caesarean section, etc).
resultsFinal multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that with every 1 year increase in age the odds of being a case was 1.03 times as compared with being a control. Tobacco use (adjusted OR (aOR): 2.24; 95% CI 1.56 to 3.23), having no slits in the kitchen (proxy indicator for indoor air pollution) (aOR=1.90; 95% CI 1.05 to 3.43), gravidity (aOR=0.83; 95% CI 0.73 to 0.93), non-booked hospital cases (aOR=1.87; 95% CI 1.38 to 2.74), history of stillbirth (aOR=4.06; 95% CI 2.36 to 6.97), miscarriages (aOR=1.91; 95% CI 1.27 to 2.85) and preterm delivery (aOR=6.04; 95% CI 2.52 to 14.48) were significantly associated with being a case as compared with control.
conclusionsThis study suggests that women who had adverse pregnancy outcomes were more likely to have exposure to tobacco, previous history of adverse birth outcomes and were non-booked cases. Engagement of stakeholders in tobacco control for providing health education, incorporating tobacco use in women in the tobacco control policy and designing interventions for tobacco use cessation is warranted. Prenatal care and health education might help in preventing such adverse events.
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