SynthesisBMJ open2016
The highly neglected burden of resistant hypertension in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03607812 (ABPM), which is not on this map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
ABPM (Automatic Measurement of Blood Pressure) Evaluation in the Diagnosis and Management of Arterial Hypertension for Algerian Patients in Current Medical Practice
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Prevalence of and associated factors for resistant hypertension in primary care settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence of stunting and obesity in Ecuador: a systematic review.Public health nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of lorundrostat in uncontrolled hypertension: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- Apparent treatment-resistant hypertension in ambulatory hypertensive patients in Northeast Ethiopia: prevalence, treatment patterns, and predictors.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Article
- Prevalence and determinants of apparent treatment-resistant hypertension among patients in South African primary care: a single-centre observational study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Observational
- Characteristics of adults with first-ever stroke vs. recurrent stroke at the university teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia.Journal of the neurological sciences · 2025Article
- The role of single-pill ACE inhibitor/ccb combination for hypertension: an Algerian view via the nominal group technique.Future cardiology · 2025Review
- Article
- Genetic Variation inJournal of personalized medicine · 2024Article
- Prevalence, Risk Factors and Cardiovascular Comorbidities of Resistant Hypertension among Treated Hypertensives in a Nigerian Population.Global heart · 2024Article
- Association between HIV and treatment-resistant hypertension in Malawian adults: a protocol for a case-control study.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Prevalence of Undiagnosed Hypertension and Associated Factors among Adults in Mizan-Aman Town, Bench Sheko Zone, Southwest Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study.Advances in medicine · 2023Article
- Prevalence, Predictors, and Outcomes of Resistant Hypertension in Egyptian Population.Global heart · 2023Article
- Pharmacogenomics of Hypertension in Africa: Paving the Way for a Pharmacogenetic-Based Approach for the Treatment of Hypertension in Africans.International journal of hypertension · 2023Review
- Promise of Physiological Profiling to Prevent Stroke in People of African Ancestry: Prototyping Ghana.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2022Review
- The Burden of Resistant Hypertension Across the World.Current hypertension reports · 2022Review
- Apparent Treatment Resistant Hypertension Among Stroke Survivors in Ghana.Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association · 2020Article
- Invited Editorial for Physiological Reports (PHY2-2020-04-0157.R2) "Physiological variations of blood pressure according to gender and age among healthy young black Africans aged between 18 to 30 years in Côte d'Ivoire, West Africa".Physiological reports · 2020Article
- Frequency & factors associated with apparent resistant hypertension among Ghanaians in a multicenter study.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe hypertension epidemic in Africa collectively with very low rates of blood pressure control may predict an incremented prevalence of resistant hypertension (RH) across the continent. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of RH and associated risk factors in Africa. DATA SOURCES: We conducted a comprehensive search of electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Africa Wide Information and Africa Index Medicus) completed by manual search of articles, regardless of language or publication date.
methodsWe included studies which have reported the prevalence and/or risk factors for RH in Africa from inception to 19 May 2016. Forest plots were drawn to visualise the combined prevalence of RH and extent of statistical heterogeneity between studies.
resultsOut of 259 retrieved studies, only 5 from Cameroon, Nigeria, Burkina Faso, Lesotho and Algeria with a total population of 4 068 patients were finally included in this review. There was no study from the Eastern part of Africa. Though the definition of RH was not similar across studies, its prevalence was respectively 11.7%, 4.9%, 14.6%, 14.3% and 19.0%, with an overall pooled prevalence of 12.1% (95% CI 8.0% to 17.7%). Potential risk factors were: non-compliance to treatment, ageing, male sex, dyslipidaemia, metabolic syndrome, previous cardiovascular events, physical inactivity and stress, but not excessive salt intake, alcohol and coffee ingestions. Moreover, diabetes, smoking, obesity and renal insufficiency yielded discrepant results.
conclusionsThere is a huge dearth of research on the epidemiology of RH in Africa. Thereby, an extensive study of RH prevalence and risk factors is still largely warranted to curtail the high and continuously increasing burden of hypertension across Africa.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.