ReviewJournal of the American Medical Directors Association2017
The Diagnosis of Delirium Superimposed on Dementia: An Emerging Challenge.
Review in Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 193 citations in OpenAlex.
- Educational interventions aimed at improving knowledge of delirium among nursing home staff-a realist review.BMC geriatrics · 2024Pooled it
- Delirium Monitoring in Neurocritically Ill Patients: A Systematic Review.Critical care medicine · 2018Pooled it
- Delirium superimposed on dementia in post-acute care: Nurse documentation of symptoms and interventions.Geriatric nursing (New York, N.Y.)Trial
- Delirium superimposed on dementia in nursing homes: prevalence, incidence, and prognosis - protocol of a prospective multicenter cohort study.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Dementia Caregivers' Preferences for Involvement in Delirium Care During Hospitalization.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2026Article
- Agitation Severity and Psychotropic Prescription in Acute Patients With Delirium Superimposed on Dementia.Psychogeriatrics : the official journal of the Japanese Psychogeriatric Society · 2026Article
- 'Just a delirium': a qualitative study of care home managers' perspectives on barriers to delirium recognition and management in UK care homes.Age and ageing · 2026Article
- Increased cerebrospinal fluid YKL-40 concentration in hip fracture patients with delirium.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial transplantation for delirium superimposed on dementia: from pathogenic mechanisms to clinical translation challenges.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- Epidemiology and assessments of delirium in nursing homes and rehabilitation facilities: a cross-country perspective.European geriatric medicine · 2025Article
- The intersection of delirium and long-term cognition in older adults: the critical role of delirium prevention.Journal of neurology · 2025Review
- Dysphagia and geriatric syndromes in older patients admitted to an intermediate care unit: prospective observational study.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2025Observational
- Supportive Interventions Involving Family Carers of Patients With Delirium Superimposed on Dementia in Hospital: A Scoping Review.International journal of older people nursing · 2025Article
- Disorientation as a delirium feature in non-intubated patients: development and evaluation of diagnostic accuracy of the 'Confusion Assessment Method for Intermediate Care Unit' (CAM-IMC) - a prospective cohort study.BMC anesthesiology · 2024Article
- Validating the Fluctuating Mental Status Evaluation in Neurocritically Ill Patients With Acute Stroke.Critical care medicine · 2024Article
- Delirium in nursing home residents: is there a role of antidepressants? A cross sectional study.BMC geriatrics · 2024Article
- The Effect of Neuropsychiatric Drugs on the Oxidation-Reduction Balance in Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Predictive Factors of Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Does the Etiology, Phenomenology and Motor Subtype of Delirium Differ When It Occurs in Patients With An Underlying Dementia?: A Multi-Site, International Study.Journal of geriatric psychiatry and neurology · 2024Article
- Circadian disturbances, anxiety and motor disturbances differentiate delirium superimposed on dementia from dementia-only.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors at 18 institutions in 8 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Delirium occurring in patients with dementia is referred to as delirium superimposed on dementia (DSD). People who are older with dementia and who are institutionalized are at increased risk of developing delirium when hospitalized. In addition, their prior cognitive impairment makes detecting their delirium a challenge. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition and the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision are considered the standard reference for the diagnosis of delirium and include criteria of impairments in cognitive processes such as attention, additional cognitive disturbances, or altered level of arousal. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition and the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision does not provide guidance regarding specific tests for assessment of the cognitive process impaired in delirium. Importantly, the assessment or inclusion of preexisting cognitive impairment is also not addressed by these standards. The challenge of DSD gets more complex as types of dementia, particularly dementia with Lewy bodies, which has features of both delirium and dementia, are considered. The objective of this article is to critically review key elements for the diagnosis of DSD, including the challenge of neuropsychological assessment in patients with dementia and the influence of particular tests used to diagnose DSD. To address the challenges of DSD diagnosis, we present a framework for guiding the focus of future research efforts to develop a reliable reference standard to diagnose DSD. A key feature of a reliable reference standard will improve the ability to clinically diagnose DSD in facility-based patients and research studies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.