SynthesisEmerging infectious diseases2016
Population-Level Effects of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Programs on Infections with Nonvaccine Genotypes.
Synthesis in Emerging infectious diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of non-vaccine high-risk HPV cervical infections in vaccinated women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Variations in the Natural History of High-Risk HPV Types Following HPV-16/18 Bivalent Vaccination in Females Aged 18-45 Years.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Precancerous cervical lesions caused by non-vaccine-preventable HPV types after vaccination with the bivalent AS04-adjuvanted HPV vaccine: an analysis of the long-term follow-up study from the randomised Costa Rica HPV Vaccine Trial.The Lancet. Oncology · 2022Trial
- Efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of a 9-valent human papillomavirus vaccine in Latin American girls, boys, and young women.Papillomavirus research (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2018Trial
- Genetic Variation of HPV53 and the Identification of T-Cell Epitopes.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Epidemiological approaches to evaluate clinical unmasking of HPV-associated cervical lesions in the HPV vaccination era.International journal of cancer · 2026Review
- HPV Type Replacement After HPV Vaccination.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2026Review
- Ten-year evaluation of HPV vaccine influence on non-vaccine-type-related cervical infections and precancers in Chinese females: follow-up from a randomized control trial.Journal of the National Cancer Center · 2025Article
- Multi-epitope transplantation enables cross-type neutralization of phylogenetically distant HPV11/6/53 in mice.iScience · 2025Article
- Human papillomavirus genotype-specific prevalence and infection risks: a 10-year population-based study from the United States.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2025Article
- Patterns of Co-infection of HPV52 With Other HPV Genotypes and Their Risks of Cervical Precancer and Carcinoma.Journal of medical virology · 2025Article
- Changes in Genital Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Prevalence During 12 Years of Girls-Only Bivalent HPV Vaccination: Results From a Biennial Repeated Cross-sectional Study.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Rational design of a triple-type HPV53/56/66 vaccine with one preferable base particle incorporating two identified immunodominant sites.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Article
- Pattern of multiple human papillomavirus infection and type competition: An analysis in healthy Chinese women aged 18-45 years.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Transcriptomic Analysis of HPV-Positive Oesophageal Tissue Reveals Upregulation of Genes Linked to Cell Cycle and DNA Replication.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Predictable changes in the accuracy of human papillomavirus tests after vaccination: review with implications for performance monitoring in cervical screening.British journal of cancer · 2024Review
- Monitoring HPV Prevalence and Risk Cofactors for Abnormal Cytology in the Post-Vaccination Period among Croatian Women.Viruses · 2024Article
- Human Papillomavirus Vaccination.The New England journal of medicine · 2023Review
- Human papillomavirus vaccine coverage in male-male partnerships attending a sexual health clinic in Melbourne, Australia.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors at 14 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
We analyzed human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalences during prevaccination and postvaccination periods to consider possible changes in nonvaccine HPV genotypes after introduction of vaccines that confer protection against 2 high-risk types, HPV16 and HPV18. Our meta-analysis included 9 studies with data for 13,886 girls and women ≤19 years of age and 23,340 women 20-24 years of age. We found evidence of cross-protection for HPV31 among the younger age group after vaccine introduction but little evidence for reductions of HPV33 and HPV45. For the group this same age group, we also found slight increases in 2 nonvaccine high-risk HPV types (HPV39 and HPV52) and in 2 possible high-risk types (HPV53 and HPV73). However, results between age groups and vaccines used were inconsistent, and the increases had possible alternative explanations; consequently, these data provided no clear evidence for type replacement. Continued monitoring of these HPV genotypes is important.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.