ArticleAmerican journal of translational research2016
Dietary fats and pharmaceutical lipid excipients increase systemic exposure to orally administered cannabis and cannabis-based medicines.
Article in American journal of translational research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Cannabidiol in clinical and preclinical anxiety research. A systematic review into concentration-effect relations using the IB-de-risk tool.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2022Pooled it
- A high-fat meal significantly impacts the bioavailability and biphasic absorption of cannabidiol (CBD) from a CBD-rich extract in men and women.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study of Oral Cannabidiol and Tetrahydrocannabinol for Essential Tremor.Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Trial
- Pharmacokinetic Profile of ∆9-Tetrahydrocannabinol, Cannabidiol and Metabolites in Blood following Vaporization and Oral Ingestion of Cannabidiol Products.Journal of analytical toxicology · 2022Trial
- Cannabidiol and Cannabidiol Metabolites: Pharmacokinetics, Interaction with Food, and Influence on Liver Function.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- A Novel Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SEDDS) Based on VESIsorbMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Trial
- Cannabidiol lymphatic transport after oral administration assessed using a novel thoracic lymph duct cannulated conscious pig model.Drug delivery · 2026Article
- Development andDrug delivery · 2026Article
- Cannabidiol in Dietary Supplements: Characteristics, Routes of Administration, Bioavailability, and Research Challenges.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Heart rate response to cannabis in active older adults.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Review
- An Accurate Method Based on Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Quantification of Five Cannabinoids in Juvenile and Adult Caenorhabditis elegans.Journal of separation science · 2026Article
- Cannabidiol-Loaded Mucoadhesive PLGA Nanosphere-Chitosan Hydrogel Patch for Oral Therapeutic Applications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Cannabidiol: Pharmaceutical formulations and biomedical applications.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2026Review
- ComparativeFrontiers in toxicology · 2026Article
- Oil-based and oil-free formulations for enhancing cannabidiol bioavailability.Journal of cannabis research · 2025Article
- Placebo effects in a RCT assessing 30 days of low dose Cannabidiol (CBD) treatment for psychological distress in stressed students at risk for depression.Journal of cannabis research · 2025Article
- Using a PBPK Model Incorporating Lymphatic Absorption to Predict Food Effect, Multiple Dosing, and Hepatic Impairment of Cannabidiol.Clinical and translational science · 2025Article
- Innovative Strategies to Enhance the Bioavailability of Cannabidiol: Nanotechnology and Advanced Delivery Systems.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Current State of Unapproved Cannabidiol Product Use in Children.The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG · 2025Article
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There has been an escalating interest in the medicinal use of Cannabis sativa in recent years. Cannabis is often administered orally with fat-containing foods, or in lipid-based pharmaceutical preparations. However, the impact of lipids on the exposure of patients to cannabis components has not been explored. Therefore, the aim of this study is to elucidate the effect of oral co-administration of lipids on the exposure to two main active cannabinoids, Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). In this study, oral co-administration of lipids enhanced the systemic exposure of rats to THC and CBD by 2.5-fold and 3-fold, respectively, compared to lipid-free formulations. In vitro lipolysis was conducted to explore the effect of lipids on the intestinal solubilisation of cannabinoids. More than 30% of THC and CBD were distributed into micellar fraction following lipolysis, suggesting that at least one-third of the administered dose will be available for absorption following co-administration with lipids. Both cannabinoids showed very high affinity for artificial CM-like particles, as well as for rat and human CM, suggesting high potential for intestinal lymphatic transport. Moreover, comparable affinity of cannabinoids for rat and human CM suggests that similar increased exposure effects may be expected in humans. In conclusion, co-administration of dietary lipids or pharmaceutical lipid excipients has the potential to substantially increase the exposure to orally administered cannabis and cannabis-based medicines. The increase in patient exposure to cannabinoids is of high clinical importance as it could affect the therapeutic effect, but also toxicity, of orally administered cannabis or cannabis-based medicines.
Indexed as
Identifiers
27648135PMC5009397What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.