ArticleBMC medical education2016
Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy: making sense of the total score through a second order confirmatory factor analysis.
Article in BMC medical education, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prevalence of depression among university students in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC psychology · 2025Pooled it
- The changes in perceived self-efficacy, academic engagement, and empathy following simulation-based learning among undergraduate physiotherapy students: a quasi-experimental study.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Physical activity and depressive symptoms among Chinese university students: Grit as a mediator.PloS one · 2026Article
- Negative workplace gossip and organizational citizenship behavior in the Chinese kindergarten teaching workforce: exploring interpersonal trust as a mediator.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Negative workplace gossip and turnover intention among Chinese kindergarten teachers: the mediating role of work engagement.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Psychological safety and Chinese PreK-12 teachers organizational citizenship behavior: the mediating role of interpersonal trust.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Physical activity and depressive symptoms among college students: positive mental health as a mediator.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- More empathy for others, more hurt for oneself? Empathy for pain is related to poor mental health and negative emotion regulation.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Negative workplace gossip and turnover intention among kindergarten teachers: psychological safety as a mediator and organizational identification as a moderator.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Increase in self-reported empathy during medical school training: A longitudinal study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Social anxiety and smartphone addiction among college students: the mediating role of loneliness.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- The Greek Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Medical Student Version (JSE-S): Psychometric Properties and Its Associated Factors.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Measurement Properties of an Arabic Version of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE) in Moroccan Medical Students.Journal of advances in medical education & professionalism · 2024Article
- Anti-stigma training and positive changes in mental illness stigma outcomes in medical students in ten countries: a mediation analysis on pathways via empathy development and anxiety reduction.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2022Article
- Psychometric properties of a French version of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy.International journal of medical education · 2022Article
- Medical empathy in medical students in Madrid: A proposal for empathy level cut-off points for Spain.PloS one · 2022Article
- Cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Jefferson empathy scale health professions students' version in SpanishOccupational therapy students.BMC medical education · 2021Article
- Psychometric properties of the critical thinking disposition assessment test amongst medical students in China: a cross-sectional study.BMC medical education · 2021Article
- Article
- Awareness, Knowledge, Attitude and Empathy Levels of Dental Postgraduates Towards Their Patients During Practice and Research-A Questionnaire Based Survey.Journal of patient experience · 2021Article
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6 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundEmpathy is a key aspect of the physician-patient interactions. The Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE) is one of the most used empathy measures of medical students. The development of cross-cultural empathy studies depends on valid and reliable translations of the JSE. This study sought to: (1) adapt and assess the psychometric properties in Spanish students of the Spanish JSE validated in Mexican students; (2) test a second order latent factor model.
methodsThe Spanish JSE was adapted from the Spanish JSE-S, resulting in a final version of the measure. A non-probabilistic sample of 1104 medical students of two Spanish medical schools completed a socio-demographic and the Spanish JSE-S. Descriptive statistics, along with a confirmatory factor analysis, the average variance extracted (AVE), Cronbach's alphas and composite reliability (CR) coefficients were computed. An independent samples t-test was performed to access sex differences.
resultsThe Spanish JSE-S demonstrated acceptable to good sensitivity (individual items - except for item 2 - and JSE-S total score: -2.72 < Sk < 0.35 and -0.77 < Ku < 7.85), convergent validity (AVE: between 0.28 and 0.45) and reliability (Cronbach's alphas: between 0.62 and 0.78; CR: between 0.62 and 0.87). The confirmatory factor analysis supported the three-factor solution and the second order latent factor model.
conclusionsThe findings provide support for the sensitivity, construct validity and reliability of the adapted Spanish JSE-S with Spanish medical students. Data confirm the hypothesized second order latent factor model. This version may be useful in future research examining empathy in Spanish medical students, as well as in cross-cultural studies.
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