Trial reportJournal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines2016
Moderators of treatment response to trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy among youth in Zambia.
Trial report in Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Identifying effective moderators of cognitive behavioural trauma treatment with caregiver involvement for youth with PTSD: a meta-analysis.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Individual psychological interventions and therapies for posttraumatic stress disorder and posttraumatic stress symptoms in young children: a systematic review.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2024Pooled it
- Primary-level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low- and middle-income countries.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Systematic Review on the Application of Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) for Preschool-Aged Children.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- Moderator effects in a randomized controlled trial of the Common Elements Treatment Approach (CETA) for intimate partner violence and hazardous alcohol use in Zambia.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Trial
- Predictors and moderators of treatment outcome for single incident paediatric PTSD: a multi-centre randomized clinical trial.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2021Trial
- Efficacy of Adjunctive Infliximab vs Placebo in the Treatment of Adults With Bipolar I/II Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA psychiatry · 2019Trial
- Session Preparation, Behavioral Rehearsal and Homework Assignment: Do these Therapeutic Delivery Strategies Improve Trauma Treatment Outcomes for Youth in Community Outpatient Settings?Journal of child & adolescent trauma · 2025Article
- Psychological interventions for children with emotional and behavioral difficulties aged 5-12 years: An evidence review.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2024Review
- Family therapy and EMDR after child abuse and neglect: moderating effects of child attachment style and PTSD symptoms on treatment outcome.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2024Article
- Examining the Effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Gender on Trauma-Informed Intervention Outcomes.Journal of child & adolescent trauma · 2023Article
- Mental health interventions for adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Interventions that address institutional child maltreatment: An evidence and gap map.Campbell systematic reviews · 2021Article
- Interventions for reducing violence against children in low- and middle-income countries: An evidence and gap map.Campbell systematic reviews · 2020Article
- Exploring differential impacts of interventions to reduce and prevent intimate partner violence (IPV) on sub-groups of women and men: A case study using impact evaluations from Rwanda and South Africa.SSM - population health · 2020Article
- The maternal brain in women with a history of early-life maltreatment: an imagination-based fMRI study of conflictual versus pleasant interactions with children.Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN · 2018Article
- Early life adversity during the infant sensitive period for attachment: Programming of behavioral neurobiology of threat processing and social behavior.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2017Review
- Consumer perspectives on acceptability of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy in Tanzania and Kenya: A mixed methods study.Implementation research and practiceArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe effectiveness of mental health interventions such as trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) may vary by client, caregiver, and intervention-level variables, but few randomized trials in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) have conducted moderation analyses to investigate these characteristics. This study explores moderating factors to TF-CBT treatment response among a sample of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) in Zambia.
methodsData were obtained from a completed randomized trial of TF-CBT among 257 OVC in Zambia. Trauma symptoms and functioning were measured at baseline and following the end of treatment. Mixed effects regression models were estimated for each moderator of interest: gender, age, number of trauma types experienced, history of sexual abuse, orphan status, primary caretaker, school status, and parental involvement in treatment.
resultsTreatment effectiveness was moderated by history of sexual abuse with greater reductions in both outcomes (trauma, p < .05; functioning, p < .01) for those that experienced sexual abuse. Primary caretaker was also a moderator with greater trauma reductions in those who identified their mother as the primary caretaker (p < .01), and better functioning in those that identified their father as the primary caretaker (p < .05). Nonorphans and single orphans (mother alive) showed greater reduction in functional impairment (p < .01) compared with double orphans. There was no significant moderator effect found by gender, age, number of trauma types, school status, or caregiver participation in treatment.
conclusionsThis study suggests that TF-CBT was effective in reducing trauma symptoms and functional impairment among trauma-affected youth overall and that it may be particularly effective for survivors of child sexual abuse and children whose primary caretaker is a biological parent. Scale-up of TF-CBT is warranted given the wide range of effectiveness and prevalence of child sexual abuse. Future randomized trials of interventions in LMIC should power for moderation analyses in the study design phase when feasible.
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