ReviewMolecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy2016
The Mucus Barrier to Inhaled Gene Therapy.
Review in Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 93 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
93 citing papers in PubMed.
- A DNA Tetrahedron-Delivered miR-17-5p mimic exerts dual anti-inflammatory and Anti-Non-coding RNA research · 2026Article
- Micro/nanoscale bubble-mediated mucolytic conditioning of the lung model of cystic fibrosis enhances nanoparticle transport through the mucus.Biomaterials · 2026Article
- Multi-component microneedle drug delivery system of sanfu herbal patch for allergic asthma in rats.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Recent advances in the application of polymeric nanoparticles to the pulmonary delivery of mRNA.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2026Review
- mRNA Delivery by Lipoamino Fatty Acid-Peptide Polyplexes in Different Lung Cell Models and Lungs.Polymers · 2026Article
- Mucopenetrative Lipid-Polymer nanoparticles show Potent Anti-Inflammatory activity in a human Lung-on-Chip model.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Inhalation-Based Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Targeting the Diseased Lower Airways in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicle-based delivery to airway basal cells for durable gene therapy in cystic fibrosis.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Efficiently enhancing ferroptosis-mediated immunosensitization in lung cancer by an inhalable immune activation nanoplatform.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Advances in Inhaled Nanoparticle Drug Delivery for Pulmonary Disease Management.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Review
- Structure-guided design of nucleosome-inspired nanoparticles for overcoming pulmonary barriers in fibrotic lung gene therapy.Science advances · 2025Article
- Smart Inhalation Therapy: Boosting siRNA Efficacy with Inulin-Based Multifunctional Polymers.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025Article
- Tailored Levofloxacin Incorporated Extracellular Matrix Nanoparticles for Pulmonary Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- An orally administered gene editing nanoparticle boosts chemo-immunotherapy in colorectal cancer.Nature nanotechnology · 2025Article
- Impact of pH-Responsive Cisplatin/Ribavirin-Loaded Monodispersed Magnetic Silica Nanocomposite on A549 Lung Cancer Cells.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Mucus Physically Restricts Influenza A Viral Particle Access to the Epithelium.Advanced biology · 2025Article
- Active microgel particle swarms for intrabronchial targeted delivery.Science advances · 2025Article
- Recent Advances in Therapeutics and Manufacturing Processes of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus for the Treatment of Lung Diseases.Current gene therapy · 2025Review
- FeFrontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- Computational modeling of cough-induced droplets and mucosal film dynamics in the upper airway for pulmonary disease classification.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
33 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that the airway mucus gel layer may be impermeable to the viral and synthetic gene vectors used in past inhaled gene therapy clinical trials for diseases like cystic fibrosis. These findings support the logic that inhaled gene vectors that are incapable of penetrating the mucus barrier are unlikely to provide meaningful benefit to patients. In this review, we discuss the biochemical and biophysical features of mucus that contribute its barrier function, and how these barrier properties may be reinforced in patients with lung disease. We next review biophysical techniques used to assess the potential ability of gene vectors to penetrate airway mucus. Finally, we provide new data suggesting that fresh human airway mucus should be used to test the penetration rates of gene vectors. The physiological barrier properties of spontaneously expectorated CF sputum remained intact up to 24 hours after collection when refrigerated at 4 °C. Conversely, the barrier properties were significantly altered after freezing and thawing of sputum samples. Gene vectors capable of overcoming the airway mucus barrier hold promise as a means to provide the widespread gene transfer throughout the airway epithelium required to achieve meaningful patient outcomes in inhaled gene therapy clinical trials.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.