ArticleAmerican journal of ophthalmology2016
Association of Dry Eye Tests With Extraocular Signs Among 3514 Participants in the Sjögren's Syndrome International Registry.
Article in American journal of ophthalmology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- From Sjögren syndrome to Sjögren disease: rethinking classification and diagnostic complexity.The Korean journal of internal medicine · 2026Review
- Cracking the Code: Which Ocular Symptoms Predict Dry Eye Signs? Insights From a Large International Sicca Registry.Arthritis care & research · 2026Article
- Correlation among ocular surface changes and systemic hematologic indexes and disease activity in primary Sjögren's syndrome: a cross-sectional study.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Management of Spontaneous Corneal Perforation in Undiagnosed Primary Sjögren's Syndrome.Cureus · 2025Article
- Advances in Sjögren's Syndrome Dry Eye Diagnostics: Biomarkers and Biomolecules beyond Clinical Symptoms.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Diagnostic Value of Labial Minor Salivary Gland Biopsy: Histological Findings of a Large Sicca Cohort and Clinical Associations.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Mapping the research on Sjögren's syndrome-related dry eye disease: a bibliometric network analysis of the past 20 years.International ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Reduced tear thrombospondin-1/matrix metalloproteinase-9 ratio can aid in detecting Sjögren's syndrome etiology in patients with dry eye.Clinical and translational science · 2022Article
- Clinical and laboratory evaluation of sicca complaints: distinctive aspects of primary, secondary and non-Sjogren syndrome.Advances in rheumatology (London, England) · 2022Article
- IL-14α as a Putative Biomarker for Stratification of Dry Eye in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Update on Sjögren Syndrome and Other Causes of Sicca in Older Adults.Rheumatic diseases clinics of North America · 2018Review
- Factors associated with severe dry eye in primary Sjögren's syndrome diagnosed patients.Rheumatology international · 2018Article
- Development and Evaluation of Semiautomated Quantification of Lissamine Green Staining of the Bulbar Conjunctiva From Digital Images.JAMA ophthalmology · 2017Article
- Serological Influences on Dry Eye: Insights from the Sjögren's International Collaborative Clinical Alliance.Ophthalmology scienceArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 7 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo identify a screening strategy for dry eye patients with a high likelihood of having Sjogren syndrome (SS) through the evaluation of the association of ocular surface tests with the extraocular signs used for the diagnosis of SS.
designMulticenter cross-sectional study.
methodsThe Sjogren's International Clinical Collaborative Alliance (SICCA) registry enrolled 3514 participants with SS or possible SS from 9 international academic sites. Ocular surface evaluation included Schirmer I testing, tear breakup time (TBUT), and staining of the cornea (0-6 points) and conjunctiva (0-6 points). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictive factors for (1) histopathologic changes on labial salivary gland (LSG) biopsies (positive = focus score of ≥1 focus/4 mm
resultsThe adjusted odds of having a positive LSG biopsy were significantly higher among those with an abnormal Schirmer I test (adjusted OR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.05-1.51, P = .014) and positive conjunctival staining (for each additional unit of staining 1.46; 95% CI 1.39-1.53, P < .001) or corneal staining (for each additional unit of staining 1.14; 95% CI 1.08-1.21, P < .001). The odds of having a positive serology were significantly higher among those with an abnormal Schirmer I test (adjusted OR = 1.3; 95% CI 1.09-1.54, P = .004) and conjunctival staining (adjusted OR = 1.51; 95% CI 1.43-1.58, P < .001).
conclusionsIn addition to corneal staining, which was associated with a higher likelihood of having a positive LSG biopsy, conjunctival staining and abnormal Schirmer I testing are of critical importance to include when screening dry eye patients for possible SS, as they were associated with a higher likelihood of having a positive LSG biopsy and serology.
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