Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27643994›Full record

ArticlePloS one2016

An n=1 Clinical Network Analysis of Symptoms and Treatment in Psychosis.

Maarten Bak, Marjan Drukker, Laila Hasmi, Jim van Os

Erratum issuedOpen access · goldAbstract readCase Reports
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 31 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed
11.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed, 101 citations in OpenAlex.

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  4. The Dialectical Relationship Between Burnout and Work Engagement: A Network Approach.Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress · 2025
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  11. ESMvis: a tool for visualizing individual Experience Sampling Method (ESM) data.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2021
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Maarten BakDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1822-5542
Marjan DrukkerDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Laila HasmiDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Jim van OsDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Maastricht University Medical Centre · NLKing's College London · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionDynamic relationships between the symptoms of psychosis can be shown in individual networks of psychopathology. In a single patient, data collected with the Experience Sampling Method (ESM-a method to construct intensive time series of experience and context) can be used to study lagged associations between symptoms in relation to illness severity and pharmacological treatment.

methodThe patient completed, over the course of 1 year, for 4 days per week, 10 daily assessments scheduled randomly between 10 minutes and 3 hours apart. Five a priori selected symptoms were analysed: 'hearing voices', 'down', 'relaxed', 'paranoia' and 'loss of control'. Regression analysis was performed including current level of one symptom as the dependent variable and all symptoms at the previous assessment (lag) as the independent variables. Resulting regression coefficients were printed in graphs representing a network of symptoms. Network graphs were generated for different levels of severity: stable, impending relapse and full relapse.

resultsESM data showed that symptoms varied intensely from moment to moment. Network representations showed meaningful relations between symptoms, e.g. 'down' and 'paranoia' fuelling each other, and 'paranoia' negatively impacting 'relaxed'. During relapse, symptom levels as well as the level of clustering between symptoms markedly increased, indicating qualitative changes in the network. While 'hearing voices' was the most prominent symptom subjectively, the data suggested that a strategic focus on 'paranoia', as the most central symptom, had the potential to bring about changes affecting the whole network.

conclusionConstruction of intensive ESM time series in a single patient is feasible and informative, particularly if represented as a network, showing both quantitative and qualitative changes as a function of relapse.

Indexed as

Antipsychotic AgentsClozapineDose-Response Relationship, DrugFemaleHallucinationsHumansMiddle AgedParanoid DisordersPsychotic DisordersRegression AnalysisAntipsychotic AgentsClozapine

Identifiers

PMID27643994
PMCPMC5028060
OpenAlexW2521552644

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.