ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2016
Urinary Biomarkers KIM-1 and NGAL for Detection of Chronic Kidney Disease of Uncertain Etiology (CKDu) among Agricultural Communities in Sri Lanka.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- The efficacy of novel biomarkers for the early detection and management of acute kidney injury: A systematic review.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Translational opportunities in aptamer and nanobody lateral flow assays within the WHO REASSURED framework.Sensors & diagnostics · 2026Review
- Stage-wise variation in serum C-reactive protein and cardiovascular risk in chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology among Sri Lankans; a preliminary study.BMC research notes · 2026Article
- Uncovering potential biomarkers for chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology through a network-based bioinformatic approach.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Enhancing therapeutic strategies and drug development for patients with kidney disease.Expert opinion on drug safety · 2026Review
- Non-invasive assessment techniques for renal fibrosis: advances and perspectives.Renal failure · 2025Review
- Longitudinal associations and interactions of heat and metal(loid) exposure with kidney outcomes in Mexican agricultural workers.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology: A Global Health Threat in Rural Agricultural Communities-Prevalence, Suspected Causes, Mechanisms, and Prevention Strategies.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2024Review
- Evaluating Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin in Pediatric CKD: Correlations with Renal Function and Mineral Metabolism.Pediatric reports · 2024Article
- Systematic Review of Kidney Injury Biomarkers for the Evaluation of CKD of Uncertain Etiology.Kidney international reports · 2024Article
- A Pilot Study of the Role of Selected Biomarkers of Kidney Injury in Dogs with Dilated Cardiomyopathy.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Predictive Value of Kidney Failure Risk Equation and Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin for Chronic Kidney Disease Progression in Chinese Population - A Retrospective Study.International journal of general medicine · 2024Article
- A Brief Review of Diagnostic Techniques and Clinical Management in Chronic Kidney Disease.Cureus · 2023Review
- Urinary KIM-1 is not correlated with gestational age among 5-year-old children born prematurely.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
- Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease of Uncertain Etiology Within Selected Farming Communities in Rural Sri Lanka.Canadian journal of kidney health and disease · 2023Article
- Urinary biomarkers indicate pediatric renal injury among rural farming communities in Sri Lanka.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Applicability of Novel Urinary Biomarkers for the Assessment of Renal Injury in Selected Occupational Groups in Sri Lanka: A Comparative Study with Conventional Markers.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Two decades of chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology (CKDu) research: Existing evidence and persistent gaps from epidemiological studies in Sri Lanka.Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2022Review
- Renal biomarkers in cats: A review of the current status in chronic kidney disease.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2022Review
- Sphingosine 1 phosphate promotes hypertension specific memory T cell trafficking in response to repeated hypertensive challenges.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic Kidney Disease of uncertain etiology (CKDu) is an emerging epidemic among farming communities in rural Sri Lanka. Victims do not exhibit common causative factors, however, histopathological studies revealed that CKDu is a tubulointerstitial disease. Urine albumin or albumin-creatinine ratio is still being used as a traditional diagnostic tool to identify CKDu, but accuracy and prevalence data generated are questionable. Urinary biomarkers have been used in similar nephropathy and are widely recognised for their sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in determining CKDu and early renal injury. However, these biomarkers have never been used in diagnosing CKDu in Sri Lanka. Male farmers (n = 1734) were recruited from 4 regions in Sri Lanka i.e. Matara and Nuwara Eliya (farming locations with no CKDu prevalence) and two CKDu emerging locations from Hambantota District in Southern Sri Lanka; Angunakolapelessa (EL1) and Bandagiriya (EL2). Albuminuria (ACR ≥ 30mg/g); serum creatinine based estimation of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR); creatinine normalized urinary kidney injury molecule (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) were measured. Fourteen new CKDu cases (18%) from EL1 and nine CKDu cases (9%) from EL2 were recognized for the first time from EL1, EL2 locations, which were previously considered as non-endemic of the disease and associated with persistent albuminuria (ACR ≥ 30mg/g Cr). No CKDu cases were identified in non-endemic study locations in Matara (CM) and Nuwara Eliya (CN). Analysis of urinary biomarkers showed urinary KIM-1 and NGAL were significantly higher in new CKDu cases in EL1 and EL2. However, we also reported significantly higher KIM-1 and NGAL in apparently healthy farmers in EL 1 and EL 2 with comparison to both control groups. These observations may indicate possible early renal damage in absence of persistent albuminuria and potential capabilities of urinary KIM-1 and NGAL in early detection of renal injury among farming communities in Southern Sri Lanka.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.