ReviewInternational archives of allergy and immunology2016
On Peptides and Altered Peptide Ligands: From Origin, Mode of Action and Design to Clinical Application (Immunotherapy).
Review in International archives of allergy and immunology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mitigating negative data bias to enhance TCR-epitope binding and residue interaction prediction.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2026Article
- Targeting the pMHC-TCR Interaction: Molecular Strategies and Therapeutic Potential in Autoimmunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Dynamical network analysis reveals long-range residue couplings at the pMHC interface underlying enhanced immunogenicity.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2026Article
- Post-Translational Modified Neoantigens in Autoimmune Diseases: Challenges of Immune Tolerance.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- A free energy perturbation-assisted machine learning strategy for mimotope screening in neoantigen-based vaccine design.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2025Article
- Mimicry-based strategy between human and commensal antigens for the development of a new family of immune therapies for cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Immuno-informatics voyage through molecular mimicry of Heat Shock Proteins: Potential IBD immunopathogenesis.PloS one · 2025Article
- Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Altered Peptide Ligand-Loaded Dendritic Cell Act as A Therapeutic Vaccine for Spinal Cord Injury Through Eliciting CD4Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Characteristics of the (Auto)Reactive T Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis According to the Immune Epitope Database.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Decoupling peptide binding from T cell receptor recognition with engineered chimeric MHC-I molecules.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Immune Modulation by Antigenic Peptides and Antigenic Peptide Conjugates for Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis.Medical research archives · 2022Article
- QR code model: a new possibility for GPCR phosphorylation recognition.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2022Review
- Multiple-Allele MHC Class II Epitope Engineering by a Molecular Dynamics-Based Evolution Protocol.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- PD-1 preferentially inhibits the activation of low-affinity T cells.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Biologia Futura: Emerging antigen-specific therapies for autoimmune diseases.Biologia futura · 2021Review
- A Global Review on Short Peptides: Frontiers and Perspectives.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Cross-Reactivity to Mutated Viral Immune Targets Can Influence CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- The Use of Electrochemical Voltammetric Techniques and High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography to Evaluate Conjugation Efficiency of Multiple Sclerosis Peptide-Carrier Conjugates.Brain sciences · 2020Article
- Bee Venom Immunotherapy: Current Status and Future Directions.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2020Review
- A Disquisition on MHC Restriction and T Cell Recognition in Five Acts.Viral immunology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
T lymphocytes equipped with clonotypic T cell antigen receptors (TCR) recognize immunogenic peptides only when presented in the context of their own major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Peptide loading to MHC molecules occurs in intracellular compartments (ER for class I and MIIC for class II molecules) and relies on the interaction of the respective peptides and peptide binding pockets on MHC molecules. Those peptide residues not engaged in MHC binding point towards the TCR screening for possible peptide MHC complex binding partners. Natural or intentional modification of both MHC binding registers and TCR interacting residues of peptides - leading to the formation of altered peptide ligands (APLs) - might alter the way peptides interact with TCRs and hence influence subsequent T cell activation events, and consequently T cell effector functions. This review article summarizes how APLs were detected and first described, current concepts of how APLs modify T cellular signaling, which biological mechanisms might force the generation of APLs in vivo, and how peptides and APLs might be used for the benefit of patients suffering from allergic or autoimmune diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.