ArticleScientific reports2016
Combining Exosomes Derived from Immature DCs with Donor Antigen-Specific Treg Cells Induces Tolerance in a Rat Liver Allograft Model.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in myocardial infarction repair: therapeutic potential and scaffold-based delivery strategies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Advances in nanomaterial-based delivery systems for inducing transplantation tolerance.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Molecular regulatory mechanisms and diagnostic potential of dendritic cell-derived exosomes in liver transplantation: from immune tolerance induction to translational challenges.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Global requirements for manufacturing and validation of clinical grade extracellular vesicles.The journal of liquid biopsy · 2024Review
- Novel insights into the role of immunomodulatory extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis.Biomarker research · 2024Review
- Exosomes as Modulators and Biomarkers of Transplant Immunity.Current transplantation reports · 2023Article
- Extracellular Vesicles as Drug Delivery Systems in Organ Transplantation: The Next Frontier.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Extracellular Vesicles as Therapeutic Resources in the Clinical Environment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Dendritic cells in liver transplantation immune response.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Review
- Activation and regulation of alloreactive T cell immunity in solid organ transplantation.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2022Review
- Different Sourced Extracellular Vesicles and Their Potential Applications in Clinical Treatments.Cells · 2022Review
- Update on the role of extracellular vesicles in rheumatoid arthritis.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2022Review
- Pathogenic and Potential Therapeutic Roles of Exosomes Derived From Immune Cells in Liver Diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- The liver-resident immune cell repertoire - A boon or a bane during machine perfusion?Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Crosstalk between dendritic cells and regulatory T cells: Protective effect and therapeutic potential in multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Extracellular Vesicles in Transplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Review
- Review
- Extracellular Vesicles in Blood: Sources, Effects, and Applications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Selective Antimicrobial Therapies for Periodontitis: Win the "Battle and the War".International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Allograft tolerance is the ultimate goal in the field of transplantation immunology. Immature dendritic cells (imDCs) play an important role in establishing tolerance but have limitations, including potential for maturation, short lifespan in vivo and short storage times in vitro. However, exosomes (generally 30-100 nm) from imDCs (imDex) retain many source cell properties and may overcome these limitations. In previous reports, imDex prolonged the survival time of heart or intestine allografts. However, tolerance or long-term survival was not achieved unless immune suppressants were used. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) can protect allografts from immune rejection, and our previous study showed that the effects of imDex were significantly associated with Tregs. Therefore, we incorporated Tregs into the treatment protocol to further reduce or avoid suppressant use. We defined the optimal exosome dose as approximately 20 μg (per treatment before, during and after transplantation) in rat liver transplantation and the antigen-specific role of Tregs in protecting liver allografts. In the co-treatment group, recipients achieved long-term survival, and tolerance was induced. Moreover, imDex amplified Tregs, which required recipient DCs and were enhanced by IL-2. Fortunately, the expanded Tregs retained their regulatory ability and donor-specificity. Thus, imDex and donor-specific Tregs can collaboratively induce graft tolerance.
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