ArticleThe International journal on drug policy2016
The complex interplay of social networks, geography and HIV risk among Malaysian Drug Injectors: Results from respondent-driven sampling.
Article in The International journal on drug policy, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploration of the multi-level barriers to scaling up methadone for HIV prevention among people who inject drugs in Kazakhstan.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2025Article
- The feasibility of respondent-driven sampling with people who use drugs in rural Western Cape, South Africa: A qualitative study.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Deep learning and social network analysis elucidate drivers of HIV transmission in a high-incidence cohort of people who inject drugs.Science advances · 2022Article
- A qualitative exploration of daily path and daily routine among people in Ukraine who inject drugs to understand associated harms.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2022Article
- Article
- Estimating HIV and HCV prevalence among people who inject drugs in 5 Ukrainian cities using stratification-based respondent driven and random sampling.The International journal on drug policy · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHIV is primarily concentrated among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Malaysia, where currently HIV prevention and treatment coverage is inadequate. To improve the targeting of interventions, we examined HIV clustering and the role that social networks and geographical distance play in influencing HIV transmission among PWID.
methodsData were derived from a respondent-driven survey sample (RDS) collected during 2010 of 460 PWID in greater Kuala Lumpur. Analysis focused on socio-demographic, clinical, behavioural, and network information. Spatial probit models were developed based on a distinction between the influence of peers (individuals nominated through a recruitment network) and neighbours (residing a close distance to the individual). The models were expanded to account for the potential influence of the network formation.
resultsRecruitment patterns of HIV-infected PWID clustered both spatially and across the recruitment networks. In addition, HIV-infected PWID were more likely to have peers and neighbours who inject with clean needles were HIV-infected and lived nearby (<5km), more likely to have been previously incarcerated, less likely to use clean needles (26.8% vs 53.0% of the reported injections, p<0.01), and have fewer recent injection partners (2.4 vs 5.4, p<0.01). The association between the HIV status of peers and neighbours remained significantly correlated even after controlling for unobserved variation related to network formation and sero-sorting.
conclusionThe relationship between HIV status across networks and space in Kuala Lumpur underscores the importance of these factors for surveillance and prevention strategies, and this needs to be more closely integrated. RDS can be applied to identify injection network structures, and this provides an important mechanism for improving public health surveillance, accessing high-risk populations, and implementing risk-reduction interventions to slow HIV transmission.
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