ReviewPaediatric respiratory reviews2017
Pulmonary Effects of Maternal Smoking on the Fetus and Child: Effects on Lung Development, Respiratory Morbidities, and Life Long Lung Health.
Review in Paediatric respiratory reviews, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 148 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
148 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 252 citations in OpenAlex.
- Smoking cessation in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of vulnerability approaches and expectant father involvement.Public health reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Genome-wide association study meta-analysis supports association between MUC1 and ectopic pregnancy.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2023Pooled it
- Environmental tobacco smoke and carotid intima-media thickness in healthy children and adolescents: a systematic review.Open heart · 2022Pooled it
- The first 1000 days of life: traffic-related air pollution and development of wheezing and asthma in childhood. A systematic review of birth cohort studies.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2021Pooled it
- National, regional, and global prevalence of cigarette smoking among women/females in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Association between active tobacco use during pregnancy and infant respiratory health: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2020Pooled it
- Vitamin C supplementation to pregnant smokers alters asthma- and allergy-associated CpGs in child buccal DNA at 5 years of age.Clinical epigenetics · 2025Trial
- Vitamin C supplementation improves placental function and alters placental gene expression in smokers.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Development and Validation of a Novel Placental DNA Methylation Biomarker of Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy in the ECHO Program.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Trial
- Improvements in lung function following vitamin C supplementation to pregnant smokers are associated with buccal DNA methylation at 5 years of age.Clinical epigenetics · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Prenatal Household Air Pollution Is Associated with Impaired Infant Lung Function with Sex-Specific Effects. Evidence from GRAPHS, a Cluster Randomized Cookstove Intervention Trial.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2019Trial
- Gestational cardiovascular health and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a prospective cohort study in China.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Adverse Effects of Carbon Black Nanoparticles on Maternal and Fetal Lungs in Pregnant Mice: Insights From a Metabolomics Perspective.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Article
- Early-life respiratory syncytial virus infection and asthma.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Review
- Persistent exposure to second-hand smoke and asthma endotypes in a study of Puerto Rican youth.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2026Article
- Autophagy as a Redox Rheostat Linking Cigarette Smoke, Electronic Cigarettes, and Nicotine Exposure to Lung Development, Disease, and Interorgan Communication.Comprehensive physiology · 2026Review
- Early-life lung function deficits partially explain the link between maternal asthma and bronchiolitis or asthma in offspring.BMJ open respiratory research · 2026Article
- Perspectives on the importance of parents' health, health-promoting behaviour, and psychosocial and lifestyle factors during pregnancy on child health outcomes across the life course: a cross-sectional study among parents and professionals.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Maternal smoking and CC-16: implications for lung development and COPD across the lifespan.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2026Article
88 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy is the largest preventable cause of abnormal in-utero lung development. Despite well known risks, rates of smoking during pregnancy have only slightly decreased over the last ten years, with rates varying from 5-40% worldwide resulting in tens of millions of fetal exposures. Despite multiple approaches to smoking cessation about 50% of smokers will continue to smoke during pregnancy. Maternal genotype plays an important role in the likelihood of continued smoking during pregnancy and the degree to which maternal smoking will affect the fetus. The primary effects of maternal smoking on offspring lung function and health are decreases in forced expiratory flows, decreased passive respiratory compliance, increased hospitalization for respiratory infections, and an increased prevalence of childhood wheeze and asthma. Nicotine appears to be the responsible component of tobacco smoke that affects lung development, and some of the effects of maternal smoking on lung development can be prevented by supplemental vitamin C. Because nicotine is the key agent for affecting lung development, e-cigarette usage during pregnancy is likely to be as dangerous to fetal lung development as is maternal smoking.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.