ArticleBMC microbiology2016
Time-kill curve analysis and pharmacodynamic modelling for in vitro evaluation of antimicrobials against Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Article in BMC microbiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers.
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73 citing papers in PubMed.
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- Synergistic Interaction Between Alkanna tinctoria (L.) Tausch and Cefixime Enhances Antibacterial Activity Against Resistant Bacterial Strains.Current microbiology · 2026Article
- The In Vitro Antibacterial Effects of Genipin Against Pathogens Commonly Associated With Infected Ulcerative Keratitis: A Canine Preliminary Study.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Broth Optical Density-Based Assessment for Phage Therapy: Turbidity Reduction, Antibacterial Virulence, and Time-Kill.Viruses · 2026Review
- Bacteriophage pharmacodynamics studied in anJAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Article
- Functional Genomics of Antibiotic Susceptibility in Enterococcus faecalis From Infective Endocarditis.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Escherichia coli O157:H7 prevalence in Upper Egypt: impacts on food safety and human Health, with a protection trial using natural antibacterial Piper cubeba.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2025Article
- Application of TiOInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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5 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Resistance to first-line empirical monotherapy has emerged, so robust methods are needed to evaluate the activity of existing and novel antimicrobials against the bacterium. Pharmacodynamic models describing the relationship between the concentration of antimicrobials and the minimum growth rate of the bacteria provide more detailed information than the MIC only.
resultsIn this study, a novel standardised in vitro time-kill curve assay was developed. The assay was validated using five World Health Organization N. gonorrhoeae reference strains and a range of ciprofloxacin concentrations below and above the MIC. Then the activity of nine antimicrobials with different target mechanisms was examined against a highly antimicrobial susceptible clinical strain isolated in 1964. The experimental time-kill curves were analysed and quantified with a previously established pharmacodynamic model. First, the bacterial growth rates at each antimicrobial concentration were estimated with linear regression. Second, we fitted the model to the growth rates, resulting in four parameters that describe the pharmacodynamic properties of each antimicrobial. A gradual decrease of bactericidal effects from ciprofloxacin to spectinomycin and gentamicin was found. The beta-lactams ceftriaxone, cefixime and benzylpenicillin showed bactericidal and time-dependent properties. Chloramphenicol and tetracycline were purely bacteriostatic as they fully inhibited the growth but did not kill the bacteria. We also tested ciprofloxacin resistant strains and found higher pharmacodynamic MICs (zMIC) in the resistant strains and attenuated bactericidal effects at concentrations above the zMIC.
conclusionsN. gonorrhoeae time-kill curve experiments analysed with a pharmacodynamic model have potential for in vitro evaluation of new and existing antimicrobials. The pharmacodynamic parameters based on a wide range of concentrations below and above the MIC provide information that could support improving future dosing strategies to treat gonorrhoea.
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