ArticleJournal of the International AIDS Society2016
Initiation of antiretroviral therapy before detection of colonic infiltration by HIV reduces viral reservoirs, inflammation and immune activation.
Article in Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy during Primary HIV Infection: Effects on the Latent HIV Reservoir, Including on Analytic Treatment Interruptions.AIDS reviews · 2020Pooled it
- HIV-1 in lymph nodes is maintained by cellular proliferation during antiretroviral therapy.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2019Trial
- Characterizing immune activation in HIV-exposed but uninfected infants in the first year of life.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Observational
- Inside out: TNFa-RII and sexualized drug use in acute HIV predicts persistent depressive symptoms despite antiretroviral therapy.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Rapid Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy Suppresses T Cell Pathological Proliferation and Improves Immune Recovery in People Living with HIV.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Sirolimus reduces T cell cycling, immune checkpoint marker expression, and HIV-1 DNA in people with HIV.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Article
- Acute Hepatitis due to Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Traditional Chinese medicine (Xielikang) reduces diarrhea symptoms in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients by regulating the intestinal microbiota.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Role of Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor for Staphylococcal Infection in the Oral Cavity.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Antiretroviral Initiation at ≥800 CD4+ Cells/mm3 Associated With Lower Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reservoir Size.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
- Preferential and persistent impact of acute HIV-1 infection on CD4Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Residual immune dysfunction under antiretroviral therapy.Seminars in immunology · 2021Review
- Antigen Presenting Cells Contribute to Persistent Immune Activation Despite Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation During Hyperacute HIV-1 Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Review
- Article
- Do Combination Antiretroviral Therapy Regimens for HIV Infection Feature Diverse T-Cell Phenotypes and Inflammatory Profiles?Open forum infectious diseases · 2020Review
- Feasibility and safety of research sigmoid colon biopsy in a cohort of Thai men who have sex with men with acute HIV-1.Journal of virus eradication · 2020Article
- Differential Dynamics of Regulatory T-Cell and Th17 Cell Balance in Mesenteric Lymph Nodes and Blood following Early Antiretroviral Initiation during Acute Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- HIV-2 as a model to identify a functional HIV cure.AIDS research and therapy · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionColonic infiltration by HIV occurs soon after infection, establishing a persistent viral reservoir and a barrier to cure. We investigated virologic and immunologic correlates of detectable colonic HIV RNA during acute HIV infection (AHI) and their response to antiretroviral treatment (ART).
methodsFrom 49,458 samples screened for HIV, 74 participants were enrolled during AHI and 41 consented to optional sigmoidoscopy, HIV RNA was categorized as detectable (≥50 copies/mg) or undetectable in homogenized colon biopsy specimens. Biomarkers and HIV burden in blood, colon and cerebrospinal fluid were compared between groups and after 24 weeks of ART.
resultsColonic HIV RNA was detectable in 31 participants (76%) and was associated with longer duration since HIV exposure (median 16 vs. 11 days, p=0.02), higher median plasma levels of cytokines and inflammatory markers (CXCL10 476 vs. 148 pg/mL, p=0.02; TNF-RII 1036 vs. 649 pg/mL, p<0.01; neopterin 2405 vs. 1368 pg/mL, p=0.01) and higher levels of CD8+ T cell activation in the blood (human leukocyte antigen - antigen D related (HLA-DR)/CD38 expression 14.4% vs. 7.6%, p <0.01) and colon (8.9% vs. 4.5%, p=0.01). After 24 weeks of ART, participants with baseline detectable colonic HIV RNA demonstrated persistent elevations in total HIV DNA in colonic mucosal mononuclear cells (CMMCs) (median 61 vs. 0 copies/10(6) CMMCs, p=0.03) and a trend towards higher total HIV DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) (41 vs. 1.5 copies/10(6) PBMCs, p=0.06). There were no persistent differences in immune activation and inflammation.
conclusionsThe presence of detectable colonic HIV RNA at the time of ART initiation during AHI is associated with higher levels of proviral DNA after 24 weeks of treatment. Seeding of HIV in the gut may have long-lasting effects on the size of persistent viral reservoirs and may represent an important therapeutic target in eradication strategies.
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