SynthesisSocial science & medicine (1982)2016
Research on neighborhood effects on health in the United States: A systematic review of study characteristics.
Synthesis in Social science & medicine (1982), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 217 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
217 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic review of the association between alcohol-related deaths and area-level socioeconomic deprivation and other geographic characteristics in high-income countries.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The ethnic density effect in psychosis: a systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis.The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science · 2021Pooled it
- Examining the effectiveness of place-based interventions to improve public health and reduce health inequalities: an umbrella review.BMC public health · 2021Pooled it
- Impacts of Gentrification on Health in the US: a Systematic Review of the Literature.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Methods for accounting for neighbourhood self-selection in physical activity and dietary behaviour research: a systematic review.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2020Pooled it
- Gentrification, Neighborhood Change, and Population Health: a Systematic Review.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Trial
- Differential expression of lymphocyte markers by neighborhood opportunity among US adults: Insights from the Midlife in the United States study.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- Civic Engagement, Positive Organizational Sentiment, and Health in Baltimore, Maryland.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Article
- The Interplay of Genes and Environment Across Multiple Studies (IGEMS) Consortium After Fifteen Years.Twin research and human genetics : the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies · 2026Article
- Exploring the Impact of Child Opportunity on PICU Utilization and the Role of Public Insurance.Critical care explorations · 2026Observational
- Economic Cynicism, COVID-19 and Deaths of Despair in Rural Ohio Counties.Sociology of health & illness · 2026Article
- Incorporating geospatial environmental exposure indicators in individual hypertension risk prediction: a multi-stage machine learning pipeline.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- "You thrive where you are:" Experiences of neighborhood built environments, mental health and wellbeing among residents of disinvested neighborhoods.Health & place · 2026Article
- Food Insecurity and Housing Insecurity Associated With Decreased Sleep Regularity in Adolescents.Academic pediatrics · 2026Article
- The Association Between Neighborhood Factors and Early Organ Dysfunction in Children Who Are Critically Ill: A Retrospective Cohort Study.The Journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Age-specific life expectancies across school districts in the United States: Applying a population weighted geographic crosswalk to aggregate census tract indicators.SSM - population health · 2026Article
- Neighborhood Disadvantage, Functional Difficulty, and Cognitive Decline among Older Mexican Americans.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Psychosocial stressors, accelerated biological aging, and multiple morbidities: Evidence from an age-diverse sample.PloS one · 2026Article
157 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Neighborhood effects on health research has grown over the past 20 years. While the substantive findings of this literature have been published in systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and commentaries, operational details of the research have been understudied. We identified 7140 multi-level neighborhoods and health papers published on US populations between 1995 and 2014, and present data on the study characteristics of the 256 papers that met our inclusion criteria. Our results reveal rapid growth in neighborhoods and health research in the mid-2000s, illustrate the dominance of observational cross-sectional study designs, and show a heavy reliance on single-level, census-based neighborhood definitions. Socioeconomic indicators were the most commonly analyzed neighborhood variables and body mass was the most commonly studied health outcome. Well-known challenges associated with neighborhood effects research were infrequently acknowledged. We discuss how these results move the agenda forward for neighborhoods and health research.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.