ArticleThe ISME journal2017
Diversity is the question, not the answer.
Article in The ISME journal, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 205 papers, 14 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
205 citing papers in PubMed, 14 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The alterations of airway and intestine microbiota in asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Perturbations in gut microbiota composition in patients with autoimmune neurological diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Perturbations in gut microbiota in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- The alterations of oral, airway and intestine microbiota in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Gut microbiota composition in depressive disorder: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression.Translational psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Gut Microbiota Composition in Patients with Neurodegenerative Disorders (Parkinson's and Alzheimer's) and Healthy Controls: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Perturbations in gut microbiota composition in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2023Pooled it
- A Matter of Metals: Copper but Not Cadmium Affects the Microbial Alpha-Diversity of Soils and Sediments - a Meta-analysis.Microbial ecology · 2023Pooled it
- Gut dysbiosis in rheumatic diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 92 observational studies.EBioMedicine · 2022Pooled it
- The Gut Microbiome in Depression and Potential Benefit of Prebiotics, Probiotics and Synbiotics: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials and Observational Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- The Specific Alteration of Gut Microbiota in Diabetic Kidney Diseases-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Differences in Alpha Diversity of Gut Microbiota in Neurological Diseases.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Specific alterations of gut microbiota in patients with membranous nephropathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Pooled it
- Perturbations in Gut Microbiota Composition in Psychiatric Disorders: A Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- PsychobioticFrontiers in immunology · 2023Trial
- Stool microbiome, pH and short/branched chain fatty acids in infants receiving extensively hydrolyzed formula, amino acid formula, or human milk through two months of age.BMC microbiology · 2020Trial
- Activity and diversity of sulfate- and methane-based pathways of anaerobic chitin and N-acetylglucosamine degradation in marine sediments.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Drivers of Soil Community Composition in Apple Orchards: Insights From Environmental Metabarcoding.Environmental microbiology reports · 2026Article
- Exploring the Relationship Between Sleep Disturbances, Gut Microbiota, and Cognition in Patients with Heart Failure: A Cross-Sectional Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Cecal microbiota and metabolomic profiles associated with residual feed intake divergence in laying ducks.Poultry science · 2026Article
145 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Local diversity (within-sample or alpha diversity) is often implicated as a cause of success or failure of a microbial community. However, the relationships between diversity and emergent properties of a community, such as its stability, productivity or invasibility, are much more nuanced. I argue that diversity without context provides limited insights into the mechanisms underpinning community patterns. I provide examples from traditional and microbial ecology to discuss common complications and assumptions about within-sample diversity that may prevent us from digging deeper into the more specific mechanisms underpinning community outcomes. I suggest that measurement of diversity should serve as a starting point for further inquiry of ecological mechanisms rather than an 'answer' to community outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.