Trial reportSleep2016
The Combination of Supplemental Oxygen and a Hypnotic Markedly Improves Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Patients with a Mild to Moderate Upper Airway Collapsibility.
Trial report in Sleep, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01633827 (Combination Therapy for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea), which is not on this map. Cited by 57 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Combination Therapy for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 120 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative effects of hypnotic agents on sleep architecture and respiratory outcomes in obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2026Pooled it
- Comparing the effects of supplemental oxygen therapy and continuous positive airway pressure on patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2021Pooled it
- Procedural learning worsens with OSA severity in older adults and is insensitive to short exposure supplemental oxygen therapy.Sleep medicine · 2025Trial
- Effects of the Combination of Pimavanserin and Atomoxetine on OSA Severity: A Randomized Crossover Trial.Chest · 2025Trial
- Combination Drug Therapy with Acetazolamide, Eszopiclone ± Venlafaxine for Obstructive Sleep Apnea (RESCUE-Combo): A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2025Trial
- A randomized, crossover trial of one night of oxygen therapy for obstructive sleep apnea in patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2025Trial
- Effect of Pimavanserin on the Respiratory Arousal Threshold from Sleep: A Randomized Trial.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2022Trial
- Atomoxetine and fesoterodine combination improves obstructive sleep apnoea severity in patients with milder upper airway collapsibility.Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Polysomnographic Endotyping to Select Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea for Oral Appliances.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2019Trial
- Identifying obstructive sleep apnoea patients responsive to supplemental oxygen therapy.The European respiratory journal · 2018Trial
- Phenotyping-based treatment improves obstructive sleep apnea symptoms and severity: a pilot study.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2017Trial
- Response to a combination of oxygen and a hypnotic as treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea is predicted by a patient's therapeutic CPAP requirement.Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2017Trial
- Challenges for predicting oxygen response in OSA.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2026Article
- Current Updates on Pharmacotherapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea.Journal of rhinology : official journal of the Korean Rhinologic Society · 2026Review
- From Pulse to Phenotype: Sleep Apnea Endotyping for Polygraphy via Oximeter-Derived Autonomic Arousal.Chest · 2026Article
- "Phenotyping obstructive sleep apnea: a pathway to precision medicine".Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2026Review
- Review
- Inspiratory positive pressure modulation to minimize respiratory control instability.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2025Article
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea Endophenotypes.Sleep science (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) results from the interaction of several physiological traits; specifically a compromised upper airway anatomy and muscle function, and two key non-anatomical deficits: elevated loop gain and a low arousal threshold. Although continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is an efficacious treatment, it is often poorly tolerated. An alternative approach could involve administering therapies targeting the non-anatomic causes. However, therapies (oxygen or hypnotics) targeting these traits in isolation typically improve, but rarely resolve OSA. Therefore, our aim was to determine how the combination of oxygen and eszopiclone alters the phenotypic traits and OSA severity and to assess the baseline phenotypic characteristics of responders/nonresponders to combination therapy.
methodsIn a single-blinded randomized crossover study, 20 OSA patients received combination therapy (3 mg eszopiclone and 40% oxygen) versus placebo/sham air, with 1 w between conditions. Under each condition, we assessed the effects on OSA severity (clinical polysomnography) and the phenotypic traits causing OSA using CPAP manipulations (research polysomnography).
resultsCombination therapy reduced the apnea-hypopnea index (51.9 ± 6.2 vs. 29.5 ± 5.3 events/h; P < 0.001), lowered both the ventilation associated with arousal (5.7 ± 0.3 vs. 5.2 ± 0.3 L/min; P = 0.05) and loop gain (3.3 ± 0.5 vs. 2.2 ± 0.3; P = 0.025). Responders to therapy (apnea-hypopnea index reduced by > 50% to below 15 events/h; n = 9/20) had less severe OSA (P = 0.001), a less collapsible upper airway (P = 0.01) and greater upper airway muscle effectiveness (P = 0.002).
conclusionsThe combination of lowering loop gain and raising the arousal threshold is an effective therapy in patients whose anatomy is not severely compromised. Our work demonstrates that combining therapies that target multiple traits can resolve OSA in selected individuals. CLINICAL
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT01633827.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.