ReviewExperimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.)2017
Enteric immunity, the gut microbiome, and sepsis: Rethinking the germ theory of disease.
Review in Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation is associated with favorable outcomes in patients with sepsis: an updated meta-analysis.The Journal of international medical research · 2020Pooled it
- Phenotypic switching of gastrointestinal smooth muscle cells and the regulatory role of macrophages: a literature review.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Review
- Gut microbiome in sepsis: from dysbiotic biomarker to precision and palliative decision-making.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- AI-driven multi-omics profiling of sepsis immunity in the digestive system.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Gut Microbiota Metabolites Targeting the Immune Response in Sepsis: Mechanisms and Therapies.International journal of general medicine · 2025Review
- Evidences and perspectives on the association between gut microbiota and sepsis: A bibliometric analysis from 2003 to 2023.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Gut microbiota in preterm infants with late-onset sepsis and pneumonia: a pilot case-control study.BMC microbiology · 2024Article
- The nasal microbiota is a potential diagnostic biomarker for sepsis in critical care units.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Article
- Analysis of fecal microbiota and related clinical indicators in ICU patients with sepsis.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Restoration of the Mucosal IgA Response by Improving CD4Digestive diseases and sciences · 2024Article
- Regulatory effects of mangiferin on LPS-induced inflammatory responses and intestinal flora imbalance during sepsis.Food science & nutrition · 2024Article
- Prediction of injury localization in preoperative patients with gastrointestinal perforation: a multiomics model analysis.BMC gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Autophagy Improves Inflammatory Response in Sepsis Accompanied by Changes in Gut Microbiota.Mediators of inflammation · 2024Article
- Fucoxanthin Ameliorates Sepsis via Modulating Microbiota by Targeting IRF3 Activation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Piglet cardiopulmonary bypass induces intestinal dysbiosis and barrier dysfunction associated with systemic inflammation.Disease models & mechanisms · 2023Article
- Gut Microbiome in Sepsis.Surgical infections · 2023Review
- Article
- Article
- Current Trends and Challenges of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation-An Easy Method That Works for All?Biomedicines · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Sepsis is a poorly understood syndrome of systemic inflammation responsible for hundreds of thousands of deaths every year. The integrity of the gut epithelium and competence of adaptive immune responses are notoriously compromised during sepsis, and the prevalent assumption in the scientific and medical community is that intestinal commensals have a detrimental role in the systemic inflammation and susceptibility to nosocomial infections seen in critically ill, septic patients. However, breakthroughs in the last decade provide strong credence to the idea that our mucosal microbiome plays an essential role in adaptive immunity, where a human host and its prokaryotic colonists seem to exist in a carefully negotiated armistice with compromises and benefits that go both ways. In this review, we re-examine the notion that intestinal contents are the driving force of critical illness. An overview of the interaction between the microbiome and the immune system is provided, with a special focus on the impact of commensals in priming and the careful balance between normal intestinal flora and pathogenic organisms residing in the gut microbiome. Based on the data in hand, we hypothesize that sepsis induces imbalances in microbial populations residing in the gut, along with compromises in epithelial integrity. As a result, normal antigen sampling becomes impaired, and proliferative cues are intermixed with inhibitory signals. This situates the microbiome, the gut, and its complex immune network of cells and bacteria, at the center of aberrant immune responses during and after sepsis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.