Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27631543›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2016

Racial Differences in Association of Serum Calcium with Mortality and Incident Cardio- and Cerebrovascular Events.

Jun Ling Lu, Miklos Z Molnar, Jennie Z Ma, Lekha K George, Keiichi Sumida, Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh, Csaba P Kovesdy

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
1.0field-weighted citation impact, top 23% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Jun Ling LuDivision of Nephrology (J.L.L., M.Z.M., L.K.G., K.S., C.P.K.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis Tennessee 38163; Department of Public Health Sciences and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (J.Z.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908; Nephrology Center (K.S.), Toranomon Hospital Kajigaya, Kanagawa 213-8587, Japan; Harold Simmons Center for Chronic Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (K.K.-Z.), University of California-Irvine Medical Center, Orange, California 92868; and Nephrology Section (C.P.K.), Memphis VA Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38104.
Miklos Z MolnarDivision of Nephrology (J.L.L., M.Z.M., L.K.G., K.S., C.P.K.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis Tennessee 38163; Department of Public Health Sciences and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (J.Z.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908; Nephrology Center (K.S.), Toranomon Hospital Kajigaya, Kanagawa 213-8587, Japan; Harold Simmons Center for Chronic Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (K.K.-Z.), University of California-Irvine Medical Center, Orange, California 92868; and Nephrology Section (C.P.K.), Memphis VA Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38104.
Jennie Z MaDivision of Nephrology (J.L.L., M.Z.M., L.K.G., K.S., C.P.K.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis Tennessee 38163; Department of Public Health Sciences and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (J.Z.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908; Nephrology Center (K.S.), Toranomon Hospital Kajigaya, Kanagawa 213-8587, Japan; Harold Simmons Center for Chronic Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (K.K.-Z.), University of California-Irvine Medical Center, Orange, California 92868; and Nephrology Section (C.P.K.), Memphis VA Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38104.
Lekha K GeorgeDivision of Nephrology (J.L.L., M.Z.M., L.K.G., K.S., C.P.K.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis Tennessee 38163; Department of Public Health Sciences and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (J.Z.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908; Nephrology Center (K.S.), Toranomon Hospital Kajigaya, Kanagawa 213-8587, Japan; Harold Simmons Center for Chronic Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (K.K.-Z.), University of California-Irvine Medical Center, Orange, California 92868; and Nephrology Section (C.P.K.), Memphis VA Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38104.
Keiichi SumidaDivision of Nephrology (J.L.L., M.Z.M., L.K.G., K.S., C.P.K.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis Tennessee 38163; Department of Public Health Sciences and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (J.Z.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908; Nephrology Center (K.S.), Toranomon Hospital Kajigaya, Kanagawa 213-8587, Japan; Harold Simmons Center for Chronic Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (K.K.-Z.), University of California-Irvine Medical Center, Orange, California 92868; and Nephrology Section (C.P.K.), Memphis VA Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38104.
Kamyar Kalantar-ZadehDivision of Nephrology (J.L.L., M.Z.M., L.K.G., K.S., C.P.K.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis Tennessee 38163; Department of Public Health Sciences and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (J.Z.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908; Nephrology Center (K.S.), Toranomon Hospital Kajigaya, Kanagawa 213-8587, Japan; Harold Simmons Center for Chronic Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (K.K.-Z.), University of California-Irvine Medical Center, Orange, California 92868; and Nephrology Section (C.P.K.), Memphis VA Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38104.
Csaba P KovesdyDivision of Nephrology (J.L.L., M.Z.M., L.K.G., K.S., C.P.K.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis Tennessee 38163; Department of Public Health Sciences and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (J.Z.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908; Nephrology Center (K.S.), Toranomon Hospital Kajigaya, Kanagawa 213-8587, Japan; Harold Simmons Center for Chronic Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (K.K.-Z.), University of California-Irvine Medical Center, Orange, California 92868; and Nephrology Section (C.P.K.), Memphis VA Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38104.
University of Tennessee Health Science Center · USUniversity of Virginia · USMemphis VA Medical Center · USUniversity of California, Irvine Medical Center · US

Funding

Racial and Cardiovascular Risk Factor Anomalies in CKDR01DK096920 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE HEALTH SCI CTR · PI KALANTAR-ZADEH, KAMYAR, KOVESDY, CSABA PAL · 2013 to 2015
$909k
Improving Analysis of Endogenous Multimodal Treatments for Use in Geriatrics Health Outcomes StudiesI01HX002237 · VA · VA BOSTON HEALTH CARE SYSTEM · PI GARRIDO, MELISSA M · 2018 to 2021
–
HSRD VA SDR 02-237NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK096920
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

contextAbnormalities in calcium metabolism may potentially contribute to the development of vascular disease. Calcium metabolism may be different in African American (AA) vs white individuals, but the effect of race on the association of serum calcium with clinical outcomes remains unclear.

objectiveThis study sought to examine race-specific associations of serum calcium levels with mortality and with major incident cardiovascular events. DESIGN AND

settingThis was a historical cohort study in the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs health care facilities.

participantsParticipants included veterans (n = 1 967 622) with estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m

main outcome measuresThe association between serum calcium levels with all-cause mortality, incident coronary heart disease (CHD), and ischemic stroke incidence was examined in multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models, including an interaction term for calcium and race.

resultsThe association of calcium with all-cause mortality was U-shaped in both AA and white patients, but race modified the association of calcium with all-cause mortality. Compared with white patients, AA patients experienced lower risk of mortality when calcium was ≥ 8.8 mg/dL, with a statistically significant interaction (P < .001). Conversely, AA vs white race was associated with higher mortality when calcium was < 8.8 mg/dL. Calcium showed no significant association with ischemic stroke or CHD in both races; and race did not modify these associations (P = .37 and 0.11, respectively for interaction term).

conclusionsRace modified the U-shaped association between calcium and all-cause mortality. Serum calcium is not associated with incident stroke or CHD in either AA or white patients. The race-specific difference in the association of calcium levels with mortality warrants further examination.

Indexed as

Brain IschemiaCause of DeathCoronary DiseaseStrokeAgedBlack or African AmericanCalciumCohort StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedUnited StatesVeteransWhite PeopleCalcium

Identifiers

PMID27631543
PMCPMC5155693
OpenAlexW2519336366

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.