ArticleFrontiers in public health2016
Evaluation and Comparison of Multiple Test Methods, Including Real-time PCR, for Legionella Detection in Clinical Specimens.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Case report: The value of early application of mNGS technology in the diagnosis and treatment of severe Legionnaires' disease: reports of two cases with different outcomes.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- The Contribution ofInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
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- Severe Legionnaires' disease.Annals of intensive care · 2024Review
- Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation after cardiac arrest for acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by Legionella: a case report.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2024Article
- Estimating the burden of illness caused by domestic waterborne Legionnaires' disease in Canada: 2015-2019.Epidemiology and infection · 2024Article
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- Clinical and Laboratory Diagnosis of Legionella Pneumonia.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Diagnostic Study to Assess the Performance of a New UrinaryInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
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- Culture-Free Phylogenetic Analysis of Legionella pneumophila Using Targeted CRISPR/Cas9 Next-Generation Sequencing.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- ARDS Clinical Practice Guideline 2021.Journal of intensive care · 2022Article
- Overview of the Clinical and Molecular Features of Legionella Pneumophila: Focus on Novel Surveillance and Diagnostic Strategies.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Urinary Antigen Testing for Respiratory Infections: Current Perspectives on Utility and Limitations.Infection and drug resistance · 2022Review
- Occurrence of the Legionella species in the respiratory samples of patients with pneumonia symptoms from Ahvaz, Iran; first detection of Legionella cherrii.Molecular biology reports · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Legionella is a Gram-negative bacterium that can cause Pontiac fever, a mild upper respiratory infection and Legionnaire's disease, a more severe illness. We aimed to compare the performance of urine antigen, culture, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test methods and to determine if sputum is an acceptable alternative to the use of more invasive bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Data for this study included specimens tested for Legionella at Public Health Ontario Laboratories from 1st January, 2010 to 30th April, 2014, as part of routine clinical testing. We found sensitivity of urinary antigen test (UAT) compared to culture to be 87%, specificity 94.7%, positive predictive value (PPV) 63.8%, and negative predictive value (NPV) 98.5%. Sensitivity of UAT compared to PCR was 74.7%, specificity 98.3%, PPV 77.7%, and NPV 98.1%. Out of 146 patients who had a Legionella-positive result by PCR, only 66 (45.2%) also had a positive result by culture. Sensitivity for culture was the same using either sputum or BAL (13.6%); sensitivity for PCR was 10.3% for sputum and 12.8% for BAL. Both sputum and BAL yield similar results regardless testing methods (Fisher Exact p-values = 1.0, for each test). In summary, all test methods have inherent weaknesses in identifying Legionella; therefore, more than one testing method should be used. Obtaining a single specimen type from patients with pneumonia limits the ability to diagnose Legionella, particularly when urine is the specimen type submitted. Given ease of collection and similar sensitivity to BAL, clinicians are encouraged to submit sputum in addition to urine when BAL submission is not practical from patients being tested for Legionella.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.