ArticleSpinal cord series and cases
Potential associations between chronic whiplash and incomplete spinal cord injury.
Article in Spinal cord series and cases. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Muscle fat infiltration and its relation with pain intensity, disability, and cervical curvature in individuals with nonspecific neck pain: A systematic review study.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation · 2026Pooled it
- Confirming the geography of fatty infiltration in the deep cervical extensor muscles in whiplash recovery.Scientific reports · 2020Trial
- Global, Regional, and National Burden of Neck Pain Among Adolescents and Young Adults, 1990-2021, and Projection to 2035: A Trend and Cross-Country Inequality Study.Journal of pain research · 2026Article
- The presence and prognosis of nerve pathology following whiplash injury: a prospective cohort study.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Sarcopenia and the management of spinal disease in the elderly.GeroScience · 2025Review
- MuscleMap: An Open-Source, Community-Supported Consortium for Whole-Body Quantitative MRI of Muscle.Journal of imaging · 2024Review
- Global, regional, and national burden of neck pain, 1990-2020, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.The Lancet. Rheumatology · 2024Article
- Biopsychosocial sequelae and recovery trajectories from whiplash injury following a motor vehicle collision.The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society · 2023Article
- Multi-muscle deep learning segmentation to automate the quantification of muscle fat infiltration in cervical spine conditions.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Article
- Macromolecular changes in spinal cord white matter characterize whiplash outcome at 1-year post motor vehicle collision.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Magnetization Transfer Ratio and Morphometrics of the Spinal Cord Associates with Surgical Recovery in Patients with Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy.World neurosurgery · 2020Article
- Whiplash-Associated Dysphagia: Considerations of Potential Incidence and Mechanisms.Dysphagia · 2020Article
- Spinal cord injury is not a feature of chronic whiplash-associated disorder: a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2020Article
- Muscle fat infiltration following whiplash: A computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging comparison.PloS one · 2020Article
- Article
- Deep Learning Convolutional Neural Networks for the Automatic Quantification of Muscle Fat Infiltration Following Whiplash Injury.Scientific reports · 2019Observational
- Are Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technologies Crucial to Our Understanding of Spinal Conditions?The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy · 2019Article
- The relation between local and distal muscle fat infiltration in chronic whiplash using magnetic resonance imaging.PloS one · 2019Article
- Advancing imaging technologies for patients with spinal pain: with a focus on whiplash injury.The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedErratum for2016
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
STUDY
designThis research utilized a cross-sectional design with control group inclusion.
objectivesPreliminary evidence suggests that a portion of the patient population with chronic whiplash may have sustained spinal cord damage. Our hypothesis is that in some cases of chronic whiplash-associated disorders (WAD), observed muscle weakness in the legs will be associated with local signs of a partial spinal cord injury of the cervical spine.
settingUniversity based laboratory in Chicago, IL, USA.
methodsFive participants with chronic WAD were compared with five gender/age/height/weight/body mass index (BMI) control participants. For a secondary investigation, the chronic WAD group was compared with five unmatched participants with motor incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI). Spinal cord motor tract integrity was assessed using magnetization transfer imaging. Muscle fat infiltration (MFI) was quantified using fat/water separation magnetic resonance imaging. Central volitional muscle activation of the plantarflexors was assessed using a burst superimposition technique.
resultsWe found reduced spinal cord motor tract integrity, increased MFI of the neck and lower extremity muscles and significantly impaired voluntary plantarflexor muscle activation in five participants with chronic WAD. The lower extremity structural changes and volitional weakness in chronic WAD were comparable to participants with iSCI.
conclusionThe results support the position that a subset of the chronic whiplash population may have sustained partial damage to the spinal cord. SPONSORSHIP: NIH R01HD079076-01A1, NIH T32 HD057845 and the Foundation for Physical Therapy Promotion of Doctoral Studies program.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.