ArticleJournal of virology2016
Hepatitis C Virus Is Released via a Noncanonical Secretory Route.
Article in Journal of virology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of Glycans in Human Immunity-A Sweet Code.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Review
- The hepatocyte traffic network in the human hepatitis A virus biological cycle from an evolutionary perspective.Communications biology · 2025Article
- CD81 suppresses NF-κB signaling and is downregulated in hepatitis C virus expressing cells.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Review
- The Early Secretory Pathway Is Crucial for Multiple Aspects of the Hepatitis C Virus Life Cycle.Journal of virology · 2023Article
- Endosomal egress and intercellular transmission of hepatic ApoE-containing lipoproteins and its exploitation by the hepatitis C virus.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Antiviral strategies targeting host factors and mechanisms obliging +ssRNA viral pathogens.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry · 2021Review
- Cellular factors involved in the hepatitis C virus life cycle.World journal of gastroenterology · 2021Review
- A cross-neutralizing antibody between HIV-1 and influenza virus.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Review
- Glycan Nanostructures of Human Coronaviruses.International journal of nanomedicine · 2021Review
- Whole Lotta Lipids-from HCV RNA Replication to the Mature Viral Particle.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Article
- Exploitation of glycosylation in enveloped virus pathobiology.Biochimica et biophysica acta. General subjects · 2019Review
- Domains of the Hepatitis B Virus Small Surface Protein S Mediating Oligomerization.Journal of virology · 2018Article
- Relevance of Rab Proteins for the Life Cycle of Hepatitis C Virus.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2018Review
- Regulation of the Interferon Response by lncRNAs in HCV Infection.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Review
- The amino-terminus of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) p7 viroporin and its cleavage from glycoprotein E2-p7 precursor determine specific infectivity and secretion levels of HCV particle types.PLoS pathogens · 2017Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We analyzed hepatitis C virus (HCV) morphogenesis using viral genomes encoding a mCherry-tagged E1 glycoprotein. HCV-E1-mCherry polyprotein expression, intracellular localization, and replication kinetics were comparable to those of untagged HCV, and E1-mCherry-tagged viral particles were assembled and released into cell culture supernatants. Expression and localization of structural E1 and nonstructural NS5A followed a temporospatial pattern with a succinct decrease in the number of replication complexes and the appearance of E1-mCherry punctae. Interaction of the structural proteins E1, Core, and E2 increased at E1-mCherry punctae in a time-dependent manner, indicating that E1-mCherry punctae represent assembled or assembling virions. E1-mCherry did not colocalize with Golgi markers. Furthermore, the bulk of viral glycoproteins within released particles revealed an EndoH-sensitive glycosylation pattern, indicating an absence of viral glycoprotein processing by the Golgi apparatus. In contrast, HCV-E1-mCherry trafficked with Rab9-positive compartments and inhibition of endosomes specifically suppressed HCV release. Our data suggest that assembled HCV particles are released via a noncanonical secretory route involving the endosomal compartment. IMPORTANCE: The goal of this study was to shed light on the poorly understood trafficking and release routes of hepatitis C virus (HCV). For this, we generated novel HCV genomes which resulted in the production of fluorescently labeled viral particles. We used live-cell microscopy and other imaging techniques to follow up on the temporal dynamics of virus particle formation and trafficking in HCV-expressing liver cells. While viral particles and viral structural protein were found in endosomal compartments, no overlap of Golgi structures could be observed. Furthermore, biochemical and inhibitor-based experiments support a HCV release route which is distinguishable from canonical Golgi-mediated secretion. Since viruses hijack cellular pathways to generate viral progeny, our results point toward the possible existence of a not-yet-described cellular secretion route.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.