ArticleSkeletal radiology2016
The safe zone for blinded sternal interventions based on CT evaluation of midline congenital sternal foramina.
Article in Skeletal radiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prevalence and morphometry of sternal and xiphoid foramen: a meta-analysis on 16,666 subjects.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2023Pooled it
- Inadvertent placement of a subcutaneous defibrillator lead in the anterior mediastinum through a sternal foramen.HeartRhythm case reports · 2025Article
- Sternal Foramina Detected by Postmortem Computed Tomography in the Japanese Population: Prevalence and Developmental Patterns.Radiology research and practice · 2025Article
- Article
- Anatomical variations of the sternum: sternal foramen and variant xiphoid morphology in dried adult human sternum in Ethiopia.F1000Research · 2023Observational
- Topographic evaluation of sternal foramen patients with thoracic computed tomography.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2020Article
- Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the safe zone for performing blind sternal procedures based on computed tomography (CT) evaluation of congenital midline sternal foramina using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). MATERIALS AND
methodsThis retrospective study was carried out on 1,180 patients who underwent MDCT of the thorax from March 2015 to February 2016. The MDCT images were evaluated in axial and reformatted planes. Morphometry and prevalence of midline congenital sternal foramina (SF) and manubrio-foraminal distance (MFD) were evaluated. The safe zone was defined for a blinded intervention, based on palpable anatomical landmarks. Data were presented in terms of percentage, mean ± standard deviation and calculations were carried out using Microsoft Excel.
resultsThe prevalence of SF in our study sample was 11.6 %. The majority of SF were located in a typical position in the lower sternal body at the level of fifth costo-chondral junction (CCJ) in 108 patients (78.8 %). The structure directly beneath the SF was mediastinal fat in 73 patients (53.3 %), followed by anterior pericardium in 44 patients (32.1 %) and lung parenchyma in 20 patients (14.6 %). The mean MFD in our study population was 11.90 ± 1.31 cm.
conclusionsSternal interventions should be avoided at the level of fourth to sixth CCJ, which is considered the danger zone. An intervention at the fourth to sixth CCJ may lead to disastrous consequences in patients who have SF.
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