ArticleImmunologic research2016
Immunological characterization of the early human fracture hematoma.
Article in Immunologic research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hallmarks of the multidimensional immune response to trauma in humans.Nature immunology · 2026Review
- Machine learning versus clinical scoring systems for predicting poor wound healing after posterior surgery for thoracolumbar tuberculosis.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Article
- Atrophic Long-Bone Non-Union: Current Insights into Pathogenesis and Management-A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- A spatiotemporal atlas of senescence-associated secretory phenotype in fracture healing: stage-dependent mechanisms and therapeutic windows.Inflammation and regeneration · 2026Review
- The roles of the nerve-immune axis in modulating bone regeneration.Bone research · 2026Review
- Risk factors for impaired surgical wound healing after spinal tuberculosis surgery: a retrospective comparative trial.Frontiers in surgery · 2026Article
- Physical cues influence the construction of the osteoimmune microenvironment: focus on the hematoma period.Regenerative biomaterials · 2026Review
- Transcriptomic characterization of platelet-rich fibrin-induced macrophage responses identifies U937 cells as a sensitive bioassay.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Neuroimmune regulation of post-traumatic bone regeneration: focus on inflammatory switching and functional recovery.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Temporal Molecular Signatures of Early Human Clavicle Fracture Healing: Characterization of Hematological, Cytokine, and miRNA Profiles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- BioBone - A prospective, blinded, multicenter validation study of the CD8 + terminal differentiated effector memory cells (CD8 + TEMRA cells) as prognostic biomarker for disturbed fracture healing - study design.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Article
- T cell related osteoimmunology in fracture healing: Potential targets for augmenting bone regeneration.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2025Review
- How to explain the beneficial effects of platelet-rich plasma.Periodontology 2000 · 2025Review
- Advances on T cell immunity in bone remodeling and bone regeneration.Zhejiang da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences · 2024Review
- Neuronal regulation of bone and tendon injury repair: a focused review.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2024Review
- The impact of age and sex on the inflammatory response during bone fracture healing.JBMR plus · 2024Article
- Article
- Herbal Extracts of Ginseng and Maqui Berry Show Only Minimal Effects on an In Vitro Model of Early Fracture Repair of Smokers.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Irisin Modulates Inflammatory, Angiogenic, and Osteogenic Factors during Fracture Healing.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Febrile-Range Hyperthermia Can Prevent Toxic Effects of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps on Mesenchymal Stem Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The initial inflammatory phase of fracture healing is of great importance for the clinical outcome. We aimed to develop a detailed time-dependent analysis of the initial fracture hematoma. We analyzed the composition of immune cell subpopulations by flow cytometry and the concentration of cytokines and chemokines by bioplex in 42 samples from human fractures of long bones <72 h post-trauma. The early human fracture hematoma is characterized by maturation of granulocytes and migration of monocytes/macrophages and hematopoietic stem cells. Both T helper cells and cytotoxic T cells proliferate within the fracture hematoma and/or migrate to the fracture site. Humoral immunity characteristics comprise high concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8, IFNγ and TNFα, but also elevated concentration of anti-inflammatory cytokines, e.g., IL-1 receptor antagonist and IL-10. Furthermore, we found that cells of the fracture hematoma represent a source for key chemokines. Even under the bioenergetically restricted conditions that exist in the initial fracture hematoma, immune cells are not only present, but also survive, mature, function and migrate. They secrete a cytokine/chemokine cocktail that contributes to the onset of regeneration. We hypothesize that this specific microenvironment of the initial fracture hematoma is among the crucial factors that determine fracture healing.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.