Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27628572›Full record

SynthesisJournal of the American Heart Association2016

Quantifying the Association Between Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Ahad Wahid, Nishma Manek, Melanie Nichols, Paul Kelly, Charlie Foster, Premila Webster, Asha Kaur, Claire Friedemann Smith, Elizabeth Wilkins, Mike Rayner and 2 more

2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · goldAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 363 papers, 18 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
363citing papers in PubMed, 18 pooled it
18.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04489043 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2019, after this paper: background citation

Exercise, Prediabetes and Diabetes After Renal Transplantation.

TypeinterventionalSponsorHospital Universitario de CanariasRan2019 to 2021Enrolled60ConditionsDiabetes MellitusArmsExercise and healthy lifestyle recommendations
NCT06948201 nanot yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Inorganic Nitrate as a Treatment for ANOCA: NO-ANOCA

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of VirginiaRan2025 to 2026Enrolled8ConditionsCoronary Microvascular Dysfunction (CMD), Angina Patients With Non-obstructive Coronary Artery DiseaseArms70mL Nitrate Rich Beetroot Juice followed by placebo (Nitrate depleted beetroot juice), Placebo (70 mL Nitrate depleted beetroot juice) followed by 70mL Nitrate Rich Beetroot Juice
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

363 citing papers in PubMed, 18 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 687 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Apathy and Physical Activity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Physiotherapy Canada. Physiotherapie Canada · 2026
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  16. The neighbourhood built environment and health-related fitness: a narrative systematic review.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2022
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303 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Ahad WahidJohn Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford & University of Oxford Clinical Academic Graduate School (OUCAGS), Oxford, United Kingdom.
Nishma ManekWatford General Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Melanie NicholsThe British Heart Foundation Center on Population Approaches for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom WHO Collaborating Center for Obesity Prevention, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
Paul KellyThe British Heart Foundation Center on Population Approaches for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences Department (SPEHS), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Charlie FosterThe British Heart Foundation Center on Population Approaches for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
Premila WebsterNuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
Asha KaurThe British Heart Foundation Center on Population Approaches for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
Claire Friedemann SmithThe British Heart Foundation Center on Population Approaches for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Health Behaviour Research Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Elizabeth WilkinsThe British Heart Foundation Center on Population Approaches for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
Mike RaynerThe British Heart Foundation Center on Population Approaches for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
Nia RobertsBodleian Health Care Libraries, Knowledge Center, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
Peter ScarboroughThe British Heart Foundation Center on Population Approaches for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom peter.scarborough@dph.ox.ac.uk.
British Heart Foundation · GBUniversity of Oxford · GBDeakin University · AUImperial College Healthcare NHS Trust · GBUniversity College London · GB

Funding

British Heart Foundation 021/P&C/CORE/2010/HPRG
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe relationships between physical activity (PA) and both cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have predominantly been estimated using categorical measures of PA, masking the shape of the dose-response relationship. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, for the very first time we are able to derive a single continuous PA metric to compare the association between PA and CVD/T2DM, both before and after adjustment for a measure of body weight. METHODS AND

resultsThe search was applied to MEDLINE and EMBASE electronic databases for all studies published from January 1981 to March 2014. A total of 36 studies (3 439 874 participants and 179 393 events, during an average follow-up period of 12.3 years) were included in the analysis (33 pertaining to CVD and 3 to T2DM). An increase from being inactive to achieving recommended PA levels (150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week) was associated with lower risk of CVD mortality by 23%, CVD incidence by 17%, and T2DM incidence by 26% (relative risk [RR], 0.77 [0.71-0.84]), (RR, 0.83 [0.77-0.89]), and (RR, 0.74 [0.72-0.77]), respectively, after adjustment for body weight.

conclusionsBy using a single continuous metric for PA levels, we were able to make a comparison of the effect of PA on CVD incidence and mortality including myocardial infarct (MI), stroke, and heart failure, as well as T2DM. Effect sizes were generally similar for CVD and T2DM, and suggested that the greatest gain in health is associated with moving from inactivity to small amounts of PA.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diabetic AngiopathiesExerciseHumansRisk Factorscardiovascular diseasesmeta‐analysisphysical activitysystematic review

Identifiers

PMID27628572
PMCPMC5079002
OpenAlexW2520017930

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.