SynthesisSocial psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology2016
Anxiety disorders and all-cause mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Animal-assisted therapy on psychological and physical outcomes: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.Journal of global health · 2026Pooled it
- Functional Connectivity Predicting Transdiagnostic Treatment Outcomes in Internalizing Psychopathologies.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- Risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality, and suicide attempt in people with anxiety and stress-related disorders: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis of 165 studies.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2026Article
- All-cause and cause-specific mortality in social anxiety disorder: a matched cohort and sibling cohort study.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2026Article
- Combinations of mental disorders and their association with mortality in the UK Biobank.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- The Risk Factors and Mortality Among Patients With Different Combination Patterns of Opioids and Benzodiazepines: A Retrospective Study.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2026Article
- The association between depression, anxiety, sleep disturbances and dementia: a prospective cohort study of 350,186 adults.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Loneliness and all-cause mortality in the United States.PloS one · 2026Article
- Philippine Clinical Practice Guidelines for Periodic Health Examination: Screening for Mental Health and Addiction.Acta medica Philippina · 2026Article
- Illness-death model to predict anxiety prevalence in general population during COVID-19 pandemic and beyond: a promising development in mental health epidemiology.BJPsych open · 2025Article
- Observational
- The risk of all-cause mortality associated with anxiety: a retrospective cohort study using 'The Health Improvement Network' database.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Cancer mortality in Common Mental Disorders: A 10-year retrospective cohort study.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2023Article
- Identifying individuals with undiagnosed post-traumatic stress disorder in a large United States civilian population - a machine learning approach.BMC psychiatry · 2022Article
- Prevalence and Predictive Factors of Masked Depression and Anxiety among Jordanian and Palestinian Couples: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Excess mortality in depressive and anxiety disorders: The Lifelines Cohort Study.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2021Article
- Internalizing psychopathology and all-cause mortality: a comparison of transdiagnostic vs. diagnosis-based risk prediction.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2021Article
- Prevalence and risk factors for anxiety symptoms during the outbreak of COVID-19: A large survey among 373216 junior and senior high school students in China.Journal of affective disorders · 2021Article
- Anxiety as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease independent of depression: a prospective examination of community-dwelling men (the MrOS study).Psychology & health · 2021Article
- Discrimination and anxiety: Using multiple polygenic scores to control for genetic liability.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies that examined the relationship between anxiety disorders, or clinically significant anxiety symptoms, at baseline and all-cause mortality at follow-up relative to control participants without clinically significant anxiety.
methodsPubMed, EMBASE, PsycInfo, and CINAHL were searched through July 2015, along with manual searches of published reviews and forward and backward snowball searches of included studies. Studies were excluded if anxiety was not defined with a standardized instrument, or if participants were followed-up for 1 year or less. The initial search yielded 7901 articles after the removal of duplicates, of which 328 underwent full-text screening.
resultsForty-two estimates from 36 articles were included in the meta-analysis with a total sample of 127,552 participants and over 11,573 deaths. The overall hazard ratio (HR) estimate of mortality in clinically anxious participants relative to controls was 1.09 (95 % CI 1.01-1.16); however, this was reduced after adjusting for publication bias (1.03; 95 % CI 0.95-1.13). There was no evidence of increased mortality risk among anxious participants derived from community samples (0.99; 95 % CI 0.96-1.02) and in studies that adjusted for a diagnosis of depression (1.01; 95 % CI 0.96-1.06).
conclusionsThese findings suggest that positive associations in the literature are attributable to studies in smaller samples, comorbid depression (or other psychiatric conditions) among participants, and possible confounding in medical patient samples followed-up for short durations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.