ArticleExperimental brain research2017
N100 as a generic cortical electrophysiological marker based on decomposition of TMS-evoked potentials across five anatomic locations.
Article in Experimental brain research, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Methodological Choices Matter: A Systematic Comparison of TMS-EEG Studies Targeting the Primary Motor Cortex.Human brain mapping · 2024Pooled it
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation-evoked electroencephalography responses as biomarkers for epilepsy: A review of study design and outcomes.Human brain mapping · 2023Pooled it
- Cerebral Cortical Activity Following Non-invasive Cerebellar Stimulation-a Systematic Review of Combined TMS and EEG Studies.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2020Pooled it
- Exploring Neurobiological Effects of Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation on the Left Cerebellum for Post-stroke Unilateral Neglect: A Preliminary Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation-Electroencephalography Investigation.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2025Trial
- The effects of NMDA receptor blockade on TMS-evoked EEG potentials from prefrontal and parietal cortex.Scientific reports · 2020Trial
- State-Guided TMS-EEG for N100 Enhancement Study Based on Whole-Brain EEG Microstates.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Recognizing EEG responses to active TMS vs. sham stimulations in different TMS-EEG datasets: A machine learning approach.NeuroImage · 2026Article
- Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation-Induced Modulation of Functional Connectivity in Healthy Controls: A TMS-EEG Graph Study.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Measuring Blink-Related Brainwaves Using Low-Density Electroencephalography with Textile Electrodes for Real-World Applications.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Enhancing prefrontal modulation by phase-locking intermittent theta burst stimulation to a concurrent transcranial alternating current stimulation.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Decreased prefrontal glutamatergic function is associated with a reduced astrocyte-related gene expression in treatment-resistant depression.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- Prolonged intermittent theta burst stimulation targeting the left prefrontal cortex and cerebellum does not affect executive functions in healthy individuals.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The Past, Current and Future Research in Cerebellar TMS Evoked Responses-A Narrative Review.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Binaural Beat Effects on Attention: A Study Based on the Oddball Paradigm.Brain topography · 2023Article
- Reliability and Validity of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation-Electroencephalography Biomarkers.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2023Review
- Utilising TMS-EEG to Assess the Response to Cerebellar-Brain Inhibition.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2023Article
- Brain Connectivity Signature Extractions from TMS Invoked EEGs.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Investigation of Spatiotemporal Profiles of Single-Pulse TMS-Evoked Potentials with Active Stimulation Compared with a Novel Sham Condition.Biosensors · 2022Article
- Recording brain responses to TMS of primary motor cortex by EEG - utility of an optimized sham procedure.NeuroImage · 2021Article
- Development of an Advanced Sham Coil for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Examination of Its Specifications.Journal of personalized medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
N100, the negative peak of electrical response occurring around 100 ms, is present in diverse functional paradigms including auditory, visual, somatic, behavioral and cognitive tasks. We hypothesized that the presence of the N100 across different paradigms may be indicative of a more general property of the cerebral cortex regardless of functional or anatomic specificity. To test this hypothesis, we combined transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG) to measure cortical excitability by TMS across cortical regions without relying on specific sensory, cognitive or behavioral modalities. The five stimulated regions included left prefrontal, left motor, left primary auditory cortices, the vertex and posterior cerebellum with stimulations performed using supra- and subthreshold intensities. EEG responses produced by TMS stimulation at the five locations all generated N100s that peaked at the vertex. The amplitudes of the N100s elicited by these five diverse cortical origins were statistically not significantly different (all uncorrected p > 0.05). No other EEG response components were found to have this global property of N100. Our findings suggest that anatomy- and modality-specific interpretation of N100 should be carefully evaluated, and N100 by TMS may be used as a biomarker for evaluating local versus general cortical properties across the brain.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.