ArticleJournal of neurophysiology2016
Botulinum toxin injection causes hyper-reflexia and increased muscle stiffness of the triceps surae muscle in the rat.
Article in Journal of neurophysiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Article
- Peripheral nerve blocks of wrist and finger flexors can increase hand opening in chronic hemiparetic stroke.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- The Non-Affected Muscle Volume Compensates for the Partial Loss of Strength after Injection of Botulinum Toxin A.Toxins · 2023Article
- Review
- Observational
- Enhancing KCC2 activity decreases hyperreflexia and spasticity after chronic spinal cord injury.Experimental neurology · 2021Article
- Passive Properties of the Wrist and Fingers Following Chronic Hemiparetic Stroke: Interlimb Comparisons in Persons With and Without a Clinical Treatment History That Includes Botulinum Neurotoxin.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
- Intramuscular Botulinum toxin A injections induce central changes to axon initial segments and cholinergic boutons on spinal motoneurones in rats.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Stretching Interventions in Children With Cerebral Palsy: Why Are They Ineffective in Improving Muscle Function and How Can We Better Their Outcome?Frontiers in physiology · 2020Review
- Early movement restriction leads to enduring disorders in muscle and locomotion.Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) · 2018Article
- Changes in the Neural and Non-neural Related Properties of the Spastic Wrist Flexors After Treatment With Botulinum Toxin A in Post-stroke Subjects: An Optimization Study.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2018Article
- Injection of high dose botulinum-toxin A leads to impaired skeletal muscle function and damage of the fibrilar and non-fibrilar structures.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Muscle disuse caused by botulinum toxin injection leads to increased central gain of the stretch reflex in the rat.Journal of neurophysiology · 2017Article
- New perspectives on the development of muscle contractures following central motor lesions.The Journal of physiology · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Botulinum toxin is used with the intention of diminishing spasticity and reducing the risk of development of contractures. Here, we investigated changes in muscle stiffness caused by reflex activity or elastic muscle properties following botulinum toxin injection in the triceps surae muscle in rats. Forty-four rats received injection of botulinum toxin in the left triceps surae muscle. Control measurements were performed on the noninjected contralateral side in all rats. Acute experiments were performed, 1, 2, 4, and 8 wk following injection. The triceps surae muscle was dissected free, and the Achilles tendon was cut and attached to a muscle puller. The resistance of the muscle to stretches of different amplitudes and velocities was systematically investigated. Reflex-mediated torque was normalized to the maximal muscle force evoked by supramaximal stimulation of the tibial nerve. Botulinum toxin injection caused severe atrophy of the triceps surae muscle at all time points. The force generated by stretch reflex activity was also strongly diminished but not to the same extent as the maximal muscle force at 2 and 4 wk, signifying a relative reflex hyperexcitability. Passive muscle stiffness was unaltered at 1 wk but increased at 2, 4, and 8 wk (P < 0.01). These data demonstrate that botulinum toxin causes a relative increase in reflex stiffness, which is likely caused by compensatory neuroplastic changes. The stiffness of elastic elements in the muscles also increased. The data are not consistent with the ideas that botulinum toxin is an efficient antispastic medication or that it may prevent development of contractures.
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