ReviewOrthopaedic surgery2016
Advances in Spinal Interbody Cages.
Review in Orthopaedic surgery, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Titanium (Ti) cages may be superior to polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cages in lumbar interbody fusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical and radiological outcomes of spinal interbody fusions using Ti versus PEEK cages.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2021Pooled it
- Comparative outcomes of unilateral and bilateral cage placement in lumbar interbody fusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Asian spine journal · 2026Article
- Corrigendum to "Strong living scaffolds for load-bearing musculoskeletal tissue regeneration" [Mater. Today Bio 35 (2025) 102571].Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Ambispective study of fusion and subsidence in degenerated L4-5/L5-S1 discs treated with oblique lumbar interbody fusion/anterior lumbar interbody fusion using 3D-printed titanium open arch cages.Journal of spine surgery (Hong Kong) · 2026Article
- Substrate morphology modulates bacteriophage mobility and alters bactericidal potency.PloS one · 2026Article
- Is Ti-Coated PEEK Superior to PEEK for Lumbar and Cervical Fusion Procedures? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Fixation, Stabilization, Dynamic Stabilization, Fusion, and Reconstruction in Spine Surgery- Decoding Terminologies!Journal of orthopaedic case reports · 2025Article
- Anterior lumbar interbody fusion implants: a narrative review of current trends and future directions.Journal of spine surgery (Hong Kong) · 2025Review
- The modern application of anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF): a narrative review of perioperative considerations and surgical pearls.Journal of spine surgery (Hong Kong) · 2025Review
- Surgical Stabilization of the Spine: A Clinical Review of Spinal Fractures, Spondylolisthesis, and Instrumentation Methods.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Application of Biocomposite Hydrogel With Developed Trabecular Cage in Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Clinical Case Report.Clinical medicine insights. Case reports · 2025Article
- Comparing Lumbar Spine Cages and Bone Grafts in Spinal Arthrodesis: A Meta-Analysis of Clinical Outcomes.Cureus · 2025Article
- A novel porous interbody fusion cage modified by microarc oxidation and hydrothermal treatment technology accelerate osseointegration and spinal fusion in sheep.RSC advances · 2024Article
- Innovative Developments in Lumbar Interbody Cage Materials and Design: A Comprehensive Narrative Review.Asian spine journal · 2024Article
- Exploring the mechanical strength, antimicrobial performance, and bioactivity of 3D-printed silicon nitride-PEEK composites in cervical spinal cages.International journal of bioprinting · 2024Article
- Biomedical Applications of Titanium Alloys: A Comprehensive Review.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- 3D-Printed PEEK/Silicon Nitride Scaffolds with a Triply Periodic Minimal Surface Structure for Spinal Fusion Implants.ACS applied bio materials · 2023Article
- Screw Osteointegration-Increasing Biomechanical Resistance to Pull-Out Effect.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Outcome of Ti/PEEK Versus PEEK Cages in Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion.Global spine journal · 2023Article
- The influence of over-distraction on biomechanical response of cervical spine post anterior interbody fusion: a comprehensive finite element study.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Since the late 1980s, spinal interbody cages (ICs) have been used to aid bone fusion in a variety of spinal disorders. Utilized to restore intervertebral height, enable bone graft containment for arthrodesis, and restore anterior column biomechanical stability, ICs have since evolved to become a highly successful means of achieving fusion, being associated with less postoperative pain, shorter hospital stay, fewer complications and higher rates of fusion when than bone graft only spinal fusion. IC design and materials have changed considerably over the past two decades. The threaded titanium-alloy cylindrical screw cages, typically filled with autologous bone graft, of the mid-1990s achieved greater fusion rates than bone grafts and non-threaded cages. Threaded screw cages, however, were soon found to be less stable in extension and flexion; additionally, they had a high incidence of cage subsidence. As of the early 2000s, non-threaded box-shaped titanium or polyether ether ketone IC designs have become increasingly more common. This modern design continues to achieve greater cage stability in flexion, axial rotation and bending. However, cage stability and subsidence, bone fusion rates and surgical complications still require optimization. Thus, this review provides an update of recent research findings relevant to ICs over the past 3 years, highlighting trends in optimization of cage design, materials, alternatives to bone grafts, and coatings that may enhance fusion.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.