ArticleACS infectious diseases2016
Immunodominant SARS Coronavirus Epitopes in Humans Elicited both Enhancing and Neutralizing Effects on Infection in Non-human Primates.
Article in ACS infectious diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT04934111 (A Clinical Trial to Assess the Safety and Immunogenicity of LNP-nCOV saRNA-02, a Self-amplifying Ribonucleic Acid), which is not on this map. Cited by 200 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Clinical Trial to Assess the Safety and Immunogenicity of LNP-nCOV saRNA-02, a Self-amplifying Ribonucleic Acid (saRNA) Vaccine, in SARS-CoV-2 Seronegative and Seropositive Uganda Population
Who cites it
200 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 328 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2020Pooled it
- Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, BBIBP-CorV: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1/2 trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2021Trial
- Review
- A protocol for computational design of mRNA vaccines with high functionality and specificity.Biology direct · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 antibody-dependent enhancement of infection depends on antibody binding to both ACE2 and Fc receptors.JCI insight · 2026Article
- sIFITM1, sIFITM3, and sViperin antiviral proteins as inactivated CSFV vaccine adjuvants.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Antibody-dependent enhancement of coronaviruses.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Review
- Advanced technologies for the development of infectious disease vaccines.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2024Review
- Non-RBD peptides of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein exhibit immunodominance as they elicit both innate and adaptive immune responses.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Rationally designed multimeric nanovaccines using icosahedral DNA origami for display of SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Safety and Immunogenicity Study of a Bivalent Vaccine for Combined Prophylaxis of COVID-19 and Influenza in Non-Human Primates.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Preclinical assessment of a recombinant RBD-Fc fusion protein as SARS-CoV-2 candidate vaccine.European journal of microbiology & immunology · 2024Article
- Wuhan Sequence-Based Recombinant Antigens Expressed inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Development of a single-chain variable antibody fragment against a conserved region of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- MultiTEP-Based Vaccines Targeting SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein IgG Epitopes Elicit Robust Binding Antibody Titers with Limited Virus-Neutralizing Activity.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Adjuvant-dependent impact of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines during heterologous infection by a SARS-related coronavirus.Nature communications · 2024Article
- No evidence for enhanced disease with human polyclonal SARS-CoV-2 antibody in the ferret model.PloS one · 2024Article
- Development of a neutralization monoclonal antibody with a broad neutralizing effect against SARS-CoV-2 variants.Virology journal · 2023Article
- Article
- In Vitro Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Could Be Abolished by Adding Human IgG.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
140 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is caused by a coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and has the potential to threaten global public health and socioeconomic stability. Evidence of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of SARS-CoV infection in vitro and in non-human primates clouds the prospects for a safe vaccine. Using antibodies from SARS patients, we identified and characterized SARS-CoV B-cell peptide epitopes with disparate functions. In rhesus macaques, the spike glycoprotein peptides S471-503, S604-625, and S1164-1191 elicited antibodies that efficiently prevented infection in non-human primates. In contrast, peptide S597-603 induced antibodies that enhanced infection both in vitro and in non-human primates by using an epitope sequence-dependent (ESD) mechanism. This peptide exhibited a high level of serological reactivity (64%), which resulted from the additive responses of two tandem epitopes (S597-603 and S604-625) and a long-term human B-cell memory response with antisera from convalescent SARS patients. Thus, peptide-based vaccines against SARS-CoV could be engineered to avoid ADE via elimination of the S597-603 epitope. We provide herein an alternative strategy to prepare a safe and effective vaccine for ADE of viral infection by identifying and eliminating epitope sequence-dependent enhancement of viral infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.