ArticleBritish journal of cancer2016
Biomarker analyses in REGARD gastric/GEJ carcinoma patients treated with VEGFR2-targeted antibody ramucirumab.
Article in British journal of cancer, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of ramucirumab for gastric or gastro-esophageal junction adenocarcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- Plasma PlGF as a Potential Biomarker in Ramucirumab-Based Second-Line Therapy for Advanced Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma: Exploratory Biomarker Analysis from the Phase II Part of the RAMIRIS Trial.International journal of cancer · 2026Trial
- Efficacy and tolerability of ramucirumab monotherapy or in combination with paclitaxel in gastric cancer patients from the Expanded Access Program Cohort by the Korean Cancer Study Group (KCSG).Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association · 2018Trial
- Analysis of angiogenesis biomarkers for ramucirumab efficacy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer from RAISE, a global, randomized, double-blind, phase III study.Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology · 2018Trial
- Mechanisms of chemoresistance in gastric cancer: interplay between microRNAs and the tumor microenvironment.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Bibliometric analysis of anti-angiogenic therapy in gastric cancer: research hotspots, trends, and emerging frontiers.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2026Article
- Ramucirumab-containing chemotherapy for patients with gastrointestinal neuroendocrine carcinoma refractory/intolerant to platinum-based chemotherapy: A multicenter observational retrospective study (WJOG13420G).International journal of cancer · 2025Observational
- Repurposing the Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Targeting FGFR and VEGFR Pathways for Cancer Therapy: A Comprehensive Review.Cancers · 2025Review
- Mendelian randomization studies of gastric cancer reveal potential risk factors, promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Vascular endothelial growth factor signaling in health and disease: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic perspectives.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Article
- Clinical advances and challenges of anti-angiogenic targeted therapy in gastric cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Targeting Esophageal Cancer: Promising Drugs for the Clinical Landscape and Key Knowledge Gaps.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Review
- Real-World Data on Second-Line Therapy with Ramucirumab for Metastatic Gastric Cancer: A Two-Center Study on Romanian Population.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- VEGFA Status as a Predictive Marker of Therapy Outcome in Metastatic Gastric Cancer Patients Following Ramucirumab-Based Treatment.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- The critical role of circular RNAs in drug resistance in gastrointestinal cancers.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2023Review
- Clinical progress of anti-angiogenic targeted therapy and combination therapy for gastric cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- The multiple combination of Paclitaxel, Ramucirumab and Elacridar reverses the paclitaxel-mediated resistance in gastric cancer cell lines.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Gastric Cancer: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Approaches.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Phase I/Ib study of crenolanib with ramucirumab and paclitaxel as second-line therapy for advanced esophagogastric adenocarcinoma.Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors at 11 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAngiogenesis inhibition is an important strategy for cancer treatment. Ramucirumab, a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that targets VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2), inhibits VEGF-A, -C, -D binding and endothelial cell proliferation. To attempt to identify prognostic and predictive biomarkers, retrospective analyses were used to assess tumour (HER2, VEGFR2) and serum (VEGF-C and -D, and soluble (s) VEGFR1 and 3) biomarkers in phase 3 REGARD patients with metastatic gastric/gastroesophageal junction carcinoma.
methodsA total of 152 out of 355 (43%) patients randomised to ramucirumab or placebo had ⩾1 evaluable biomarker result using VEGFR2 immunohistochemistry or HER2, immunohistochemistry or FISH, of blinded baseline tumour tissue samples. Serum samples (32 patients, 9%) were assayed for VEGF-C and -D, and sVEGFR1 and 3.
resultsNone of the biomarkers tested were associated with ramucirumab efficacy at a level of statistical significance. High VEGFR2 endothelial expression was associated with a non-significant prognostic trend toward shorter progression-free survival (high vs low HR=1.65, 95% CI=0.84,3.23). Treatment with ramucirumab was associated with a trend toward improved survival in both high (HR=0.69, 95% CI=0.38, 1.22) and low (HR=0.73, 95% CI=0.42, 1.26) VEGFR2 subgroups. The benefit associated with ramucirumab did not appear to differ by tumoural HER2 expression.
conclusionsREGARD exploratory analyses did not identify a strong potentially predictive biomarker of ramucirumab efficacy; however, statistical power was limited.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.