ArticleBrain, behavior, and immunity2017
Serum C-reactive protein in adolescence and risk of schizophrenia in adulthood: A prospective birth cohort study.
Article in Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 135 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inflammatory cytokine alterations in genetic and clinical high risk groups of psychosis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Psychological medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Circulating inflammatory proteins associated with risks of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder: a mendelian randomization study.Translational psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- CTLA-4 expression and polymorphisms in Schizophrenia; a systematic review of literature.Molecular biology reports · 2024Pooled it
- Shared genetic components between metabolic syndrome and schizophrenia: Genetic correlation using multipopulation data sets.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2022Pooled it
- Psychiatric research in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 - a systematic review.International journal of circumpolar health · 2019Pooled it
- Is psychosis a multisystem disorder? A meta-review of central nervous system, immune, cardiometabolic, and endocrine alterations in first-episode psychosis and perspective on potential models.Molecular psychiatry · 2019Pooled it
- Protein-C Reactive as Biomarker Predictor of Schizophrenia Phases of Illness? A Systematic Review.Current neuropharmacology · 2018Pooled it
- Epigenetic C-reactive protein and corticolimbic gray matter volume in youth at clinical high risk for psychosis.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Serum High Mobility Group Box Protein-1 Levels in Schizophrenia During Acute Psychotic Episodes and Remission.Noro psikiyatri arsivi · 2026Article
- The Pathobiological Underpinnings of Psychosis: From the Stress-Related Hypothesis to a Multisystemic Approach.NeuroSci · 2025Review
- Linking Metabolic Disorders and Immune System Phenomena in Schizophrenia: The Role of Adipose Tissue and Inflammation.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- The Immune/Inflammatory Underpinnings of Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome: A Scoping Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Relationship Between Family Support, C-Reactive Protein and Body Mass Index Among Outpatients with Schizophrenia.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Body fluid biomarkers and psychosis risk in The Accelerating Medicines Partnership® Schizophrenia Program: design considerations.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Inflammatory markers and cognitive deficits in first-episode psychoses - A cross-sectional study.Indian journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Viruses and psychiatric disorders: We have not crossed the borderline from hypothesis to proof yet (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial with rituximab for psychotic disorder in adults (RCT-Rits).BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- COVID-19 and New-Onset Psychosis: A Comprehensive Review.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Review
- Early Life Stress, Neuroinflammation, and Psychiatric Illness of Adulthood.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Review
- C-Reactive Protein (CRP): A Potent Inflammation Biomarker in Psychiatric Disorders.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveMeta-analyses of cross-sectional studies confirm an increase in circulating inflammatory markers during acute psychosis. Longitudinal studies are scarce but are needed to understand whether elevated inflammatory markers are a cause or consequence of illness. We report a longitudinal study of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) in adolescence and subsequent risk of schizophrenia and related psychoses in adulthood in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986.
methodSerum high-sensitivity CRP was measured at age 15/16 years in 6362 participants. ICD-10 diagnoses of schizophrenia and related psychoses were obtained from centralised hospital inpatient and outpatient registers up to age 27 years. Logistic regression calculated odds ratios (ORs) for psychotic outcomes associated with baseline CRP levels analysed as both continuous and categorical variables using American Heart Association criteria. Age, sex, body mass index, maternal education, smoking, and alcohol use were included as potential confounders.
resultsBy age 27years, 88 cases of non-affective psychosis (1.38%), of which 22 were schizophrenia (0.35%), were identified. Adolescent CRP was associated with subsequent schizophrenia. The adjusted OR for schizophrenia by age 27yearsfor each standard deviation (SD) increase in CRP levels at age 15/16yearswas 1.25 (95% CI, 1.07-1.46), which was consistent with a linear, dose-response relationship (P-value for quadratic term 0.23). Using CRP as a categorical variable, those with high (>3mg/L) compared with low (<1mg/L) CRP levels at baseline were more likely to develop schizophrenia; adjusted OR 4.25 (95% CI, 1.30-13.93). There was some indication that higher CRP was associated with earlier onset of schizophrenia (r
conclusionsA longitudinal association between adolescent CRP levels and adult schizophrenia diagnosis indicates a potentially important role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of the illness, although the findings, based on a small number of cases, need to be interpreted with caution and require replication in other samples.
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Registered trials
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