ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2016
Maize endosperm-specific transcription factors O2 and PBF network the regulation of protein and starch synthesis.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 106 papers.
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106 citing papers in PubMed, 210 citations in OpenAlex.
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- ZmMYB127 controls maize endosperm filling via dual-transcriptional regulation to improve grain yield and quality.Nature plants · 2026Article
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- From development to yield: genetic and molecular regulation of agronomic traits in maize seeds.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Review
- The bHLH transcription factor PIL1 orchestrates starch synthesis in key cereal crops.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Decades' progress and prospects on maize functional genomics and molecular breeding.Science China. Life sciences · 2025Review
- The bZIP transcription factor RISBZ1 balances grain filling and ER stress response in rice grains.Plant communications · 2025Article
- Research Progress on the Regulatory Mechanism of theCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Functional Analysis of the Autophagy-Related GenePlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Map-based cloning of ZmSS5, construction and validation of its regulatory pathway for maize kernel weight.TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2025Article
- ZmMYB155 is involved in starch synthesis and basal endosperm transfer layer development in maize.Plant cell reports · 2025Article
46 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The maize endosperm-specific transcription factors opaque2 (O2) and prolamine-box binding factor (PBF) regulate storage protein zein genes. We show that they also control starch synthesis. The starch content in the PbfRNAi and o2 mutants was reduced by ∼5% and 11%, respectively, compared with normal genotypes. In the double-mutant PbfRNAi;o2, starch was decreased by 25%. Transcriptome analysis reveals that >1,000 genes were affected in each of the two mutants and in the double mutant; these genes were mainly enriched in sugar and protein metabolism. Pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase 1 and 2 (PPDKs) and starch synthase III (SSIII) are critical components in the starch biosynthetic enzyme complex. The expression of PPDK1, PPDK2, and SSIII and their protein levels are further reduced in the double mutants as compared with the single mutants. When the promoters of these genes were analyzed, we found a prolamine box and an O2 box that can be additively transactivated by PBF and O2. Starch synthase IIa (SSIIa, encoding another starch synthase for amylopectin) and starch branching enzyme 1 (SBEI, encoding one of the two main starch branching enzymes) are not directly regulated by PBF and O2, but their protein levels are significantly decreased in the o2 mutant and are further decreased in the double mutant, indicating that o2 and PbfRNAi may affect the levels of some other transcription factor(s) or mRNA regulatory factor(s) that in turn would affect the transcript and protein levels of SSIIa and SBEI These findings show that three important traits-nutritional quality, calories, and yield-are linked through the same transcription factors.
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