ArticlePathogens and disease2016
Conservation of extrusion as an exit mechanism for Chlamydia.
Article in Pathogens and disease, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inclusion Membrane Proteins ofMicroorganisms · 2026Review
- Chlamydia trachomatis orchestrates multifaceted host cell manipulation for immune evasion.Communications biology · 2026Review
- Anti-International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Pathogenicity and virulence ofVirulence · 2025Review
- Ultrastructural Insights Into a Candidatus Parilichlamydia sp. Infection of Gill Goblet Cells in Greater Amberjack.Journal of fish diseases · 2025Article
- Recruitment of the cellular lipid transport protein CERT to C. psittaci inclusions regulates the timing of bacterial egress.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Chlamydial protease-like activity factor targets SLC7A11 for degradation to induce ferroptosis and facilitate progeny releases.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Review
- Article
- The acetylase activity of Cdu1 regulates bacterial exit from infected cells by protectingeLife · 2024Article
- Insights into innate immune cell evasion byFrontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Article
- TheInfection and immunity · 2022Article
- Chlamydia pneumoniae can infect the central nervous system via the olfactory and trigeminal nerves and contributes to Alzheimer's disease risk.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Review
- Analysis of complement deposition and processing on Chlamydia trachomatis.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2021Article
- Opsonophagocytosis of Chlamydia pneumoniae by Human Monocytes and Neutrophils.Infection and immunity · 2020Article
- Murine Endometrial Organoids to ModelFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Article
- Article
- Development of Transposon Mutagenesis for Chlamydia muridarum.Journal of bacteriology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Chlamydiae exit via membrane-encased extrusion or through lysis of the host cell. Extrusions are novel, pathogen-containing structures that confer infectious advantages to Chlamydia, and are hypothesized to promote cell-to-cell spread, dissemination to distant tissues and facilitate immune evasion. The extrusion phenomenon has been characterized for several Chlamydia trachomatis serovars, but a thorough investigation of extrusion for additional clinically relevant C. trachomatis strains and Chlamydia species has yet to be performed. The key parameters investigated in this study were: (i) the conservation of extrusion across the Chlamydia genus, (ii) the functional requirement for candidate Chlamydia genes in extrusion formation i.e. IncA and CT228 and (iii) extrusion-mediated uptake, and consequent survival of Chlamydia inside macrophages. Inclusion morphology was characterized by live fluorescence microscopy, using an inverted GFP strategy, at early and mid-stages of infection. Enriched extrusions were used to infect bone marrow-derived macrophages, and bacterial viability was measured following macrophage engulfment. Our results demonstrate that extrusion is highly conserved across chlamydiae, including ocular, STD and LGV biovars and divergent Chlamydia species. Consequently, this exit mechanism for Chlamydia may fulfill common advantages important for pathogenesis.
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Registered trials
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